#2557 DMR improved error detection in voice frames and voice events. (#2608)

Co-authored-by: denny <dennis.sheirer@gmail.com>

build.gradle

@@ -124,19 +124,16 @@ dependencies {
     implementation 'com.mpatric:mp3agic:0.9.1'
     implementation 'commons-io:commons-io:2.22.0'
     implementation 'eu.hansolo:charts:1.0.5'
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jairspy:1.0.12' //Airspy tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jairspyhf:1.8.1' //Airspy HF+ tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jbladerf:2.6.0' //bladeRF tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jhackrf:2026.01.3' //HackRF tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jhydrasdr:1.1.4' //HydraSDR tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jrtl:1.4.0.1' //RTL-SDR tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jairspy:1.0.12.1' //Airspy tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jairspyhf:1.8.1.1' //Airspy HF+ tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jbladerf:2.6.0.1' //bladeRF tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jhackrf:2026.01.3.1' //HackRF tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jlibusb:1.0.30.1' //libusb and USB hotplug for the tuner libraries - GitHub release; not pulled in transitively
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jhydrasdr:1.1.4.1' //HydraSDR tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jlimesdr:25.1.0.2' //LimeSDR tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
+    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jrtl:1.4.0.2' //RTL-SDR tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
     implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:jsdrplay:3.15.3' //SDRplay RSP tuners - GitHub release, see settings.gradle
     implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:radio-reference-api:18.0.0'
-    implementation 'io.github.dsheirer:usb4java-native-libraries:1.3.3' //OSX & Windows aarch64 native libs
-    implementation('io.github.dsheirer:usb4java:1.3.5') { //Fork with Loader support for OSX Multi-Version
-        //Excludes the javax.usb API and the duplicate original usb4java classes.  The native libraries are listed below.
-        exclude group: 'org.usb4java', module: 'usb4java-javax'
-    }
     implementation 'net.coderazzi:tablefilter-swing:5.5.4'
     implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-compress:1.28.0'
     implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.20.0'
@@ -147,13 +144,6 @@ dependencies {
     implementation 'org.controlsfx:controlsfx:11.2.3'
     implementation 'org.rauschig:jarchivelib:1.2.0'
     implementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.17'
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:darwin-x86-64' //usb4java native library
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:linux-aarch64' //usb4java native library
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:linux-arm' //usb4java native library
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:linux-x86' //usb4java native library
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:linux-x86-64' //usb4java native library
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:win32-x86' //usb4java native library
-    implementation 'org.usb4java:libusb4java:1.3.0:win32-x86-64' //usb4java native library
     implementation 'pl.edu.icm:JLargeArrays:1.6'
 }
 

gradle.properties

@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@
 # tag name, specifically the dashes inserted before and after the alpha/beta labels.
 # See: https://github.com/DSheirer/sdrtrunk/issues/1651
 
-projectVersion=0.6.2-beta-1
+projectVersion=1.0.0-beta-1

settings.gradle

@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
             content { includeModule 'io.github.dsheirer', 'jrtl' }
         }
 
+        //jlibusb is published as a GitHub release, with libusb for all platforms in the jar.  Tuner libraries built on
+        //jlibusb (jAirspy, jAirspyHF, jBladeRF, jHackRF, jHydraSDR, jLimeSDR, jRTL) load their native library next to its libusb, so the process shares one copy.
+        ivy {
+            url = 'https://github.com/DSheirer/jlibusb/releases/download'
+            patternLayout { artifact 'v[revision]/[artifact]-[revision].[ext]' }
+            metadataSources { artifact() }
+            content { includeModule 'io.github.dsheirer', 'jlibusb' }
+        }
+
         //jHackRF is published as a GitHub release, with the native libraries for all platforms in the jar
         ivy {
             url = 'https://github.com/DSheirer/jHackRF/releases/download'
@@ -49,6 +58,14 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
             content { includeModule 'io.github.dsheirer', 'jhydrasdr' }
         }
 
+        //jLimeSDR is published as a GitHub release, with the native libraries for all platforms in the jar
+        ivy {
+            url = 'https://github.com/DSheirer/jLimeSDR/releases/download'
+            patternLayout { artifact 'v[revision]/[artifact]-[revision].[ext]' }
+            metadataSources { artifact() }
+            content { includeModule 'io.github.dsheirer', 'jlimesdr' }
+        }
+
         //jsdrplay is published as a GitHub release.  The jar does not contain the SDRplay API native library, which
         //users install separately from sdrplay.com
         ivy {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/dsp/c4fm/C4FMSymbolProcessor.java

@@ -257,6 +257,20 @@ public abstract class C4FMSymbolProcessor
         return true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Maximum bit errors allowed in a detected sync pattern while acquiring (ie not synchronized), measured from the
+     * symbol decisions at the optimized symbol timing.  Sync detections with more bit errors are rejected.  Bit errors
+     * include symbol magnitude (ie +3 vs +1) errors, so this rejects noise where the symbol signs correlate with the
+     * sync pattern but the symbol magnitudes are inconsistent.  Once synchronized, the limit isn't applied since the
+     * sync detection timing is known and rejecting a valid sync detection costs the burst.  Default implementation
+     * imposes no limit.
+     * @return maximum sync pattern bit error count while acquiring.
+     */
+    public int getSyncAcquisitionMaxBitErrors()
+    {
+        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Number of consecutive sync periods (capped at 3) where a sync was detected within the max message length.
      */
@@ -945,12 +959,14 @@ public abstract class C4FMSymbolProcessor
         }
 
         /**
-         * Indicates if this correction has a valid NID or the optimization (or detection) score is high quality.
+         * Indicates if the optimization score is high quality and, while acquiring, the sync pattern bit errors don't
+         * exceed the max.
          * @return true if valid.
          */
         public boolean isValid()
         {
-            return mOptimizationScore > getSyncThresholdEqualized();
+            return mOptimizationScore > getSyncThresholdEqualized() &&
+                    (mSynchronized || mCorrectedBitCount <= getSyncAcquisitionMaxBitErrors());
         }
     }
 

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/gui/control/JFrequencyControl.java

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import javax.swing.JLabel;
 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 import javax.swing.JPanel;
 import javax.swing.JTextField;
+import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
 import javax.swing.UIManager;
 
 /**
@@ -575,7 +576,17 @@ public class JFrequencyControl extends JPanel implements ISourceEventProcessor
             @Override
             public void mouseWheelMoved(MouseWheelEvent e)
             {
-                set(mValue - e.getWheelRotation());
+                //Swing delivers mouse wheel events to disabled components, so check enabled state explicitly so that
+                //the wheel can't bypass the lock when the tuner is providing channels.
+                if(isEnabled())
+                {
+                    set(mValue - e.getWheelRotation());
+                }
+                else if(getParent() != null)
+                {
+                    //Pass the event up so that an enclosing scroll pane can still scroll while this control is locked
+                    getParent().dispatchEvent(SwingUtilities.convertMouseEvent(Digit.this, e, getParent()));
+                }
             }
         }
     }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/gui/playlist/streaming/AbstractBroadcastEditor.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.audio.broadcast.BroadcastConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.audio.broadcast.BroadcastEvent;
 import io.github.dsheirer.audio.broadcast.BroadcastServerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.gui.control.AccessibleToggleSwitch;
+import io.github.dsheirer.gui.control.IntegerTextField;
 import io.github.dsheirer.gui.playlist.Editor;
 import io.github.dsheirer.playlist.PlaylistManager;
 import javafx.application.Platform;
@@ -68,6 +69,26 @@ public abstract class AbstractBroadcastEditor<T extends BroadcastConfiguration>
         buttonBox.setSpacing(10);
         buttonBox.getChildren().addAll(getSaveButton(), getResetButton());
 
+        /**
+         * Allow column 1 (Primary input fields) to expand with editor width
+         */
+        for(Node node : getEditorPane().getChildren())
+        {
+            Integer column = GridPane.getColumnIndex(node);
+
+            if(column != null && column == 1)
+            {
+                if(node instanceof IntegerTextField)
+                {
+                    GridPane.setFillWidth(node, false);
+                }
+                else if(node instanceof TextField)
+                {
+                    GridPane.setHgrow(node, Priority.ALWAYS);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         HBox editorBox = new HBox();
         HBox.setHgrow(getEditorPane(), Priority.ALWAYS);
         editorBox.getChildren().addAll(getEditorPane(), buttonBox);

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/dmr/DMRDecoderState.java

@@ -298,7 +298,10 @@ public class DMRDecoderState extends TimeslotDecoderState
         {
             if(message instanceof VoiceMessage voice)
             {
-                processVoice(voice);
+                if(isValid(voice))
+                {
+                    processVoice(voice);
+                }
             }
             else if(message instanceof DataMessage data)
             {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/dmr/DMRSymbolProcessor.java

@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ public class DMRSymbolProcessor extends C4FMSymbolProcessor
     private static final float SYNC_THRESHOLD_EQUALIZED = 70;
     //Once synchronized, sync detections are only allowed within this many symbols of a burst boundary.
     private static final int SYNC_WINDOW_SYMBOLS = 2;
+    //Maximum bit errors (of 48) in a detected sync pattern while acquiring.  Testing: all false sync detections in
+    //600 seconds of noise occurred while acquiring, with 7+ (mostly 12+) bit errors, and a max of 8 eliminated them
+    //(245 bursts to 0) at a cost of < 0.6% valid data bursts on clean recordings and 0.3 - 5.5% on multipath
+    //recordings with injected noise, where valid link control improved.  A max of 10 leaks noise false syncs and 6
+    //costs more multipath data bursts.  Applying the max once synchronized cost 3 - 20% of valid bursts.
+    private static final int SYNC_ACQUISITION_MAX_BIT_ERRORS = 8;
     private final DMRSyncModeMonitor mSyncModeMonitor = new DMRSyncModeMonitor();
     private final DMRMessageFramer mMessageFramer;
 
@@ -142,6 +148,12 @@ public class DMRSymbolProcessor extends C4FMSymbolProcessor
         return Math.min(offset, BURST_DIBIT_LENGTH - offset) <= SYNC_WINDOW_SYMBOLS;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public int getSyncAcquisitionMaxBitErrors()
+    {
+        return SYNC_ACQUISITION_MAX_BIT_ERRORS;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public boolean isDynamicBalanceTrackingRequired()
     {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/dmr/audio/DMRAudioModule.java

@@ -105,6 +105,13 @@ public class DMRAudioModule extends AmbeAudioModule implements IdentifierUpdateP
     {
         if(hasAudioCodec() && message.getTimeslot() == getTimeslot())
         {
+            //Ignore voice messages where none of the AMBE voice frames pass error detection, so that invalid voice
+            //messages (ie false sync detections) don't produce audio or establish the encryption state.
+            if(message instanceof VoiceMessage voiceMessage && !voiceMessage.isValid())
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
             //Attempt to set the audio encryption state from certain types of messages
             if(!mEncryptedCallStateEstablished)
             {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/dmr/message/voice/AMBEFrameValidator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.dmr.message.voice;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.bits.BinaryMessage;
+
+/**
+ * Error detection for the three AMBE+2 (3600 x 2450) voice frames carried in a DMR voice burst.
+ *
+ * Each 72-bit voice frame carries an extended Golay(24,12) protected C0 vector and a Golay(23,12) protected C1 vector
+ * that is scrambled with a pseudo-random sequence seeded by the 12 data bits of C0.  The C2 and C3 vectors are not
+ * protected.  Golay(23,12) is a perfect code where every 23-bit word decodes to a codeword within 3 bit errors, so a
+ * frame is only considered valid when the combined C0 and C1 error count is low, which random (ie noise) bits rarely
+ * achieve.
+ *
+ * Vector bit indices and the C1 scrambling sequence are from the JMBE AMBEFrame decoder.  Burst bit indices of each
+ * voice frame match VoiceMessage.getAMBEFrames(): frames 1 and 3 are contiguous and frame 2 is split around the 48-bit
+ * sync/embedded signalling field in the middle of the burst.
+ */
+public class AMBEFrameValidator
+{
+    /**
+     * Maximum combined C0 and C1 bit errors for a valid voice frame.  Random 47-bit sequences have a combined error
+     * count of 2 or less with a probability of ~1.3e-4.
+     */
+    public static final int MAX_ERRORS = 2;
+
+    private static final int[] VECTOR_C0 = {0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 1, 5,
+            9, 13, 17, 21};
+    private static final int[] VECTOR_C1 = {25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26,
+            30, 34, 38, 42};
+    private static final int[] FRAME_OFFSETS = {24, 96, 216};
+    private static final int GOLAY_23_GENERATOR = 0xC75;
+    private static final int[][] C0_INDICES = new int[3][VECTOR_C0.length];
+    private static final int[][] C1_INDICES = new int[3][VECTOR_C1.length];
+    //Minimum weight error pattern for each Golay(23,12) syndrome (perfect code: all syndromes have weight <= 3)
+    private static final int[] ERROR_PATTERNS = new int[2048];
+    //C1 descrambling sequence for each 12-bit C0 data (u0) seed value, MSB first
+    private static final int[] SCRAMBLE_SEQUENCES = new int[4096];
+
+    static
+    {
+        for(int frame = 0; frame < 3; frame++)
+        {
+            for(int x = 0; x < VECTOR_C0.length; x++)
+            {
+                C0_INDICES[frame][x] = getBurstIndex(frame, VECTOR_C0[x]);
+            }
+
+            for(int x = 0; x < VECTOR_C1.length; x++)
+            {
+                C1_INDICES[frame][x] = getBurstIndex(frame, VECTOR_C1[x]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Golay(23,12) is perfect: the 2048 error patterns of weight 0 - 3 map one-to-one onto the 2048 syndromes.
+        for(int i = 0; i < 23; i++)
+        {
+            ERROR_PATTERNS[getSyndrome(1 << i)] = 1 << i;
+
+            for(int j = i + 1; j < 23; j++)
+            {
+                ERROR_PATTERNS[getSyndrome((1 << i) | (1 << j))] = (1 << i) | (1 << j);
+
+                for(int k = j + 1; k < 23; k++)
+                {
+                    int pattern = (1 << i) | (1 << j) | (1 << k);
+                    ERROR_PATTERNS[getSyndrome(pattern)] = pattern;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for(int seed = 0; seed < 4096; seed++)
+        {
+            int pr = 16 * seed;
+            int sequence = 0;
+
+            for(int x = 0; x < 23; x++)
+            {
+                pr = (173 * pr + 13849) % 65536;
+                sequence = (sequence << 1) | (pr >= 32768 ? 1 : 0);
+            }
+
+            SCRAMBLE_SEQUENCES[seed] = sequence;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private AMBEFrameValidator()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Burst bit index for the voice frame bit index.
+     * @param frame index 0-2
+     * @param bit index 0-71 within the (interleaved) voice frame
+     * @return bit index within the 288-bit burst
+     */
+    private static int getBurstIndex(int frame, int bit)
+    {
+        //Frame 2 is split around the 48-bit sync/embedded signalling field (burst bits 132 - 179)
+        if(frame == 1 && bit >= 36)
+        {
+            return FRAME_OFFSETS[frame] + bit + 48;
+        }
+
+        return FRAME_OFFSETS[frame] + bit;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Golay(23,12) syndrome for the 23-bit word where the MSB (bit 22) is the first codeword bit.
+     */
+    private static int getSyndrome(int word)
+    {
+        for(int bit = 22; bit >= 11; bit--)
+        {
+            if((word & (1 << bit)) != 0)
+            {
+                word ^= GOLAY_23_GENERATOR << (bit - 11);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return word;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts the indexed bits from the message as an integer value, with the first index as the MSB.
+     */
+    private static int getValue(BinaryMessage message, int[] indices)
+    {
+        int value = 0;
+
+        for(int index : indices)
+        {
+            value = (value << 1) | (message.get(index) ? 1 : 0);
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combined C0 and C1 bit error count for the voice frame, where C0 is decoded first so that the corrected C0 data
+     * bits can seed the C1 descrambling sequence.  C0 errors include the extended Golay parity bit, so an even weight
+     * C0 error pattern (ie 4 errors) that Golay(23,12) mis-corrects is counted as 4 errors.
+     * @param message containing the 288-bit voice burst
+     * @param frame index 0-2
+     * @return combined C0 and C1 bit error count.
+     */
+    public static int getErrorCount(BinaryMessage message, int frame)
+    {
+        int c0 = getValue(message, C0_INDICES[frame]);
+        int golay = c0 >>> 1;
+        int pattern = ERROR_PATTERNS[getSyndrome(golay)];
+        int corrected = golay ^ pattern;
+        int errors = Integer.bitCount(pattern);
+
+        //Extended Golay(24,12) parity bit provides even parity across the 24-bit codeword
+        if(((Integer.bitCount(corrected) + (c0 & 1)) & 1) != 0)
+        {
+            errors++;
+        }
+
+        //Short circuit when C0 alone exceeds the max error count.
+        if(errors > MAX_ERRORS)
+        {
+            return errors;
+        }
+
+        int c1 = getValue(message, C1_INDICES[frame]) ^ SCRAMBLE_SEQUENCES[corrected >>> 11];
+        return errors + Integer.bitCount(ERROR_PATTERNS[getSyndrome(c1)]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if at least one of the three voice frames in the burst is valid, checking each frame in turn until a
+     * valid frame is found.
+     * @param message containing the 288-bit voice burst
+     * @return true if at least one voice frame has a combined C0 and C1 error count within the max error count.
+     */
+    public static boolean isValid(BinaryMessage message)
+    {
+        for(int frame = 0; frame < 3; frame++)
+        {
+            if(getErrorCount(message, frame) <= MAX_ERRORS)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/dmr/message/voice/VoiceMessage.java

@@ -40,9 +40,10 @@ public abstract class VoiceMessage extends DMRBurst
     public static int[] FRAME_1_IV_FRAGMENT = new int[]{95, 91, 87, 83};
     public static int[] FRAME_2_IV_FRAGMENT = new int[]{215, 211, 207, 203};
     public static int[] FRAME_3_IV_FRAGMENT = new int[]{287, 283, 279, 275};
+    private Boolean mValid;
 
     /**
-     * DMR message frame.  This message is comprised of a 24-bit prefix and a 264-bit message frame.  Outbound base
+     * DMR message frame.  This message comprises a 24-bit prefix and a 264-bit message frame.  Outbound base
      * station frames transmit a Common Announcement Channel (CACH) in the 24-bit prefix, whereas Mobile inbound frames
      * do not use the 24-bit prefix.
      *
@@ -73,8 +74,8 @@ public abstract class VoiceMessage extends DMRBurst
         {
             frame_2[i] = getMessage().getByte(96 + i * 8);
         }
-        // 4 bits and 4 bits
-        frame_2[4] = (byte)((getMessage().getByte(128) & 0xF0) | (getMessage().getByte(180) >> 4));
+        // 4 bits and 4 bits.  Note: mask the shifted (signed) byte to prevent sign extension into the upper 4 bits.
+        frame_2[4] = (byte)((getMessage().getByte(128) & 0xF0) | ((getMessage().getByte(180) >> 4) & 0x0F));
         // copy last 4 byte
         for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
         {
@@ -109,10 +110,20 @@ public abstract class VoiceMessage extends DMRBurst
         return fragments;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the voice burst is valid, meaning that at least one of the three AMBE voice frames passes error
+     * detection (see AMBEFrameValidator).  Frames are checked in turn until a valid frame is found and the result is
+     * cached.
+     */
     @Override
     public boolean isValid()
     {
-        return true;
+        if(mValid == null)
+        {
+            mValid = AMBEFrameValidator.isValid(getMessage());
+        }
+
+        return mValid;
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/p25/phase1/P25P1DecoderState.java

@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCIn
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCMessageUpdate;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCMotorolaGroupRegroupChannelGrant;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCNetworkStatusBroadcast;
-import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCProtectionParameterBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCRFSSStatusBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCStatusUpdate;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCTelephoneInterconnectChannelGrant;
@@ -599,6 +598,7 @@ public class P25P1DecoderState extends DecoderState implements IChannelEventList
 
                 //Network configuration messages
                 case OSP_ADJACENT_STATUS_BROADCAST:
+                case OSP_ADJACENT_STATUS_BROADCAST_UNCOORDINATED_BAND_PLAN:
                     mNetworkConfigurationMonitor.process(ambtc);
                     break;
                 case OSP_NETWORK_STATUS_BROADCAST:
@@ -678,14 +678,6 @@ public class P25P1DecoderState extends DecoderState implements IChannelEventList
                                 mu.getShortDataMessage());
                     }
                     break;
-                case OSP_ADJACENT_STATUS_BROADCAST_UNCOORDINATED_BAND_PLAN:
-                    if(ambtc instanceof AMBTCProtectionParameterBroadcast ppb)
-                    {
-                        broadcastEvent(ambtc, DecodeEventType.RESPONSE, "USE ENCRYPTION " + ppb.getEncryptionKey() +
-                                " OUTBOUND MI:" + ppb.getOutboundMessageIndicator() +
-                                " INBOUND MI:" + ppb.getInboundMessageIndicator());
-                    }
-                    break;
                 case OSP_ROAMING_ADDRESS_UPDATE:
                     broadcastEvent(ambtc.getIdentifiers(), ambtc.getTimestamp(), DecodeEventType.RESPONSE,
                             "ROAMING ADDRESS UPDATE");

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/p25/phase1/P25P1NetworkConfigurationMonitor.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.lc.standard.LCSeconda
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.lc.standard.LCSystemServiceBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.AMBTCMessage;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCNetworkStatusBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCRFSSStatusBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.tsbk.TSBKMessage;
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ public class P25P1NetworkConfigurationMonitor
         switch(ambtc.getHeader().getOpcode())
         {
             case OSP_ADJACENT_STATUS_BROADCAST:
+            case OSP_ADJACENT_STATUS_BROADCAST_UNCOORDINATED_BAND_PLAN:
                 if(ambtc instanceof AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast)
                 {
                     AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast aasb = (AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast)ambtc;
@@ -502,14 +504,24 @@ public class P25P1NetworkConfigurationMonitor
                         if(mAMBTCNeighborSites.containsKey(site))
                         {
                             AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast ambtc = mAMBTCNeighborSites.get(site);
-                            sb.append("  SYSTEM:").append(format(ambtc.getSystem(), 3));
+                            sb.append("  ");
+                            if(ambtc instanceof AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated unc)
+                            {
+                                sb.append("WACN:").append(unc.getWacn()).append(" ");
+                            }
+                            sb.append("SYSTEM:").append(format(ambtc.getSystem(), 3));
                             sb.append(" NAC:").append(format(ambtc.getNAC(), 3));
                             sb.append(" RFSS:").append(format(ambtc.getRfss(), 2));
                             sb.append(" SITE:").append(format(ambtc.getSite(), 2));
                             sb.append(" LRA:").append(format(ambtc.getLocationRegistrationArea(), 2));
                             sb.append(" CHANNEL:").append(ambtc.getChannel());
                             sb.append(" DOWNLINK:").append(ambtc.getChannel().getDownlinkFrequency());
-                            sb.append(" UPLINK:").append(ambtc.getChannel().getUplinkFrequency()).append("\n");
+                            sb.append(" UPLINK:").append(ambtc.getChannel().getUplinkFrequency());
+                            if(ambtc instanceof AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated unc)
+                            {
+                                sb.append(" SERVICES:").append(unc.getSystemServiceClass());
+                            }
+                            sb.append("\n");
                         }
                         if(mLCNeighborSites.containsKey(site))
                         {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/p25/phase1/message/pdu/PDUMessageFactory.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.isp.AMBTCUn
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.isp.AMBTCUnitToUnitAnswerResponse;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.isp.AMBTCUnitToUnitVoiceServiceRequest;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCCallAlert;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCFrequencyBandUpdateTDMA;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCGroupAffiliationQuery;
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCIn
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCMessageUpdate;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCMotorolaGroupRegroupChannelGrant;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCNetworkStatusBroadcast;
-import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCProtectionParameterBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCRFSSStatusBroadcast;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCRoamingAddressResponse;
 import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp.AMBTCRoamingAddressUpdate;
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ public class PDUMessageFactory
             case OSP_NETWORK_STATUS_BROADCAST:
                 return new AMBTCNetworkStatusBroadcast(pduSequence, nac, timestamp);
             case OSP_ADJACENT_STATUS_BROADCAST_UNCOORDINATED_BAND_PLAN:
-                return new AMBTCProtectionParameterBroadcast(pduSequence, nac, timestamp);
+                return new AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated(pduSequence, nac, timestamp);
             case OSP_RFSS_STATUS_BROADCAST:
                 return new AMBTCRFSSStatusBroadcast(pduSequence, nac, timestamp);
             case OSP_ROAMING_ADDRESS_UPDATE:

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/p25/phase1/message/pdu/ambtc/osp/AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated.java

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.ambtc.osp;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.channel.IBandChannelDescriptor;
+import io.github.dsheirer.identifier.Identifier;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.identifier.APCO25Wacn;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.identifier.channel.APCO25Channel;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.identifier.channel.APCO25ExplicitChannel;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.PDUSequence;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.phase1.message.pdu.block.UnconfirmedDataBlock;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.p25.reference.SystemServiceClass;
+
+/**
+ * Adjacent Status Broadcast - Uncoordinated Band Plan (opcode 0x3E), extended/multi-block (AMBTC) format.
+ *
+ * Announces a neighbor site that may belong to a different WACN/system (and band plan) than the current site.
+ * Opcode 0x3E was previously defined as Protection Parameter Broadcast; current TIA-102.AABC revisions reassign it.
+ *
+ * Header: LRA (24-31), flags (32-35), SYSTEM (36-47), RFSS (64-71), SITE (72-79)  -- same as opcode 0x3C
+ * Block 0: TRANSMIT CHANNEL (0-15), RECEIVE CHANNEL (16-31), SYSTEM SERVICE CLASS (32-39), WACN (40-59)
+ *
+ * A receive channel of 0xFFFF indicates that no separate receive channel is specified.
+ */
+public class AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated extends AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcast
+{
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_DOWNLINK_FREQUENCY_BAND = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_DOWNLINK_CHANNEL_NUMBER = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_UPLINK_CHANNEL = {16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_UPLINK_FREQUENCY_BAND = {16, 17, 18, 19};
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_UPLINK_CHANNEL_NUMBER = {20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_SYSTEM_SERVICE_CLASS = {32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39};
+    private static final int[] BLOCK_0_WACN = {40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
+        58, 59};
+    private static final int UNSPECIFIED_CHANNEL = 0xFFFF;
+
+    private IBandChannelDescriptor mChannel;
+    private Identifier mWacn;
+    private SystemServiceClass mSystemServiceClass;
+
+    public AMBTCAdjacentStatusBroadcastUncoordinated(PDUSequence PDUSequence, int nac, long timestamp)
+    {
+        super(PDUSequence, nac, timestamp);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString()
+    {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(getMessageStub());
+        sb.append(" WACN:").append(getWacn());
+        sb.append(" SYSTEM:").append(getSystem());
+        sb.append(" LRA:").append(getLocationRegistrationArea());
+        sb.append(" RFSS:").append(getRfss());
+        sb.append(" SITE:").append(getSite());
+        sb.append(" CHANNEL:").append(getChannel());
+        sb.append(" SERVICES:").append(getSystemServiceClass());
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * WACN of the neighbor site
+     */
+    public Identifier getWacn()
+    {
+        if(mWacn == null && hasDataBlock(0))
+        {
+            mWacn = APCO25Wacn.create(getDataBlock(0).getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_WACN));
+        }
+
+        return mWacn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Services offered by the neighbor site
+     */
+    public SystemServiceClass getSystemServiceClass()
+    {
+        if(mSystemServiceClass == null)
+        {
+            mSystemServiceClass = new SystemServiceClass(hasDataBlock(0) ?
+                getDataBlock(0).getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_SYSTEM_SERVICE_CLASS) : 0);
+        }
+
+        return mSystemServiceClass;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasUplinkChannel()
+    {
+        return hasDataBlock(0) && getDataBlock(0).getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_UPLINK_CHANNEL) != UNSPECIFIED_CHANNEL;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isExtendedChannel()
+    {
+        return hasUplinkChannel() && super.isExtendedChannel();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IBandChannelDescriptor getChannel()
+    {
+        if(mChannel == null)
+        {
+            if(hasDataBlock(0))
+            {
+                UnconfirmedDataBlock block = getDataBlock(0);
+
+                if(isExtendedChannel())
+                {
+                    mChannel = APCO25ExplicitChannel.create(block.getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_DOWNLINK_FREQUENCY_BAND),
+                        block.getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_DOWNLINK_CHANNEL_NUMBER),
+                        block.getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_UPLINK_FREQUENCY_BAND),
+                        block.getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_UPLINK_CHANNEL_NUMBER));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    mChannel = APCO25Channel.create(block.getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_DOWNLINK_FREQUENCY_BAND),
+                        block.getMessage().getInt(BLOCK_0_DOWNLINK_CHANNEL_NUMBER));
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                mChannel = APCO25Channel.create(-1, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return mChannel;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/TunerClass.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public enum TunerClass
 	FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO_PLUS("Funcube Dongle Pro+" ),
 	HACKRF("HackRF" ),
 	HYDRASDR("HydraSDR"),
+	LIMESDR("LimeSDR"),
 	RTL2832("RTL-2832"),
 	RSP("RSP"),
 	TEST_TUNER("Test"),
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ public enum TunerClass
 	}
 
 	public static final EnumSet<TunerClass> SUPPORTED_USB_TUNERS = EnumSet.of(AIRSPY, AIRSPY_HF, BLADERF, HACKRF,
-			HYDRASDR, RTL2832, FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO, FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO_PLUS);
+			HYDRASDR, LIMESDR, RTL2832, FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO, FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO_PLUS);
 
 	public static final EnumSet<TunerClass> FUNCUBE_TUNERS = EnumSet.of(FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO, FUNCUBE_DONGLE_PRO_PLUS);
 
@@ -146,6 +147,9 @@ public enum TunerClass
 				return BLADERF;
 			case 0x38AF0001: //HYDRASDR RFONE (official VID 38af, PID 0001)
 				return HYDRASDR;
+			case 0x1D506108: //LIMESDR-USB
+			case 0x0403601F: //LIMESDR MINI (FTDI FT601)
+				return LIMESDR;
 			case 0x1D5060A1:
 				return AIRSPY;
 			case 0x03EB800C:

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/TunerFactory.java

@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.hydrasdr.HydraSdrTuner;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.hydrasdr.HydraSdrTunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.hydrasdr.HydraSdrTunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.hydrasdr.HydraSdrTunerEditor;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr.LimeSdrTuner;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr.LimeSdrTunerConfiguration;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr.LimeSdrTunerController;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr.LimeSdrTunerEditor;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.DiscoveredTuner;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.recording.RecordingTunerConfiguration;
@@ -313,6 +317,8 @@ public class TunerFactory
                 return new HackRFTuner(new HackRFTunerController(bus, portAddress, tunerErrorListener), tunerErrorListener, channelizerType);
             case HYDRASDR:
                 return new HydraSdrTuner(new HydraSdrTunerController(bus, portAddress, tunerErrorListener), tunerErrorListener, channelizerType);
+            case LIMESDR:
+                return new LimeSdrTuner(new LimeSdrTunerController(bus, portAddress, tunerErrorListener), tunerErrorListener, channelizerType);
             case RTL2832:
                 return new RTL2832Tuner(new RTL2832TunerController(bus, portAddress, tunerErrorListener), tunerErrorListener, channelizerType);
             default:
@@ -352,6 +358,8 @@ public class TunerFactory
                 return new HackRFTunerConfiguration(uniqueID);
             case HYDRASDR_R828D:
                 return new HydraSdrTunerConfiguration(uniqueID);
+            case LIMESDR:
+                return new LimeSdrTunerConfiguration(uniqueID);
             case RAFAELMICRO_R820T:
                 return new R820TTunerConfiguration(uniqueID);
             case RAFAELMICRO_R828D:
@@ -399,6 +407,8 @@ public class TunerFactory
                 return new HackRFTunerEditor(userPreferences, tunerManager, discoveredTuner);
             case HYDRASDR:
                 return new HydraSdrTunerEditor(userPreferences, tunerManager, discoveredTuner);
+            case LIMESDR:
+                return new LimeSdrTunerEditor(userPreferences, tunerManager, discoveredTuner);
             case RSP:
                 if(discoveredTuner instanceof DiscoveredRspTuner discoveredRspTuner)
                 {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/TunerType.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ public enum TunerType
     HACKRF_JAWBREAKER("Jawbreaker"),
     HACKRF_RAD1O("RAD1O"),
     HYDRASDR_R828D("R828D"),
+    LIMESDR("LimeSDR"),
     RAFAELMICRO_R820T("R820T"),
     RAFAELMICRO_R828D("R828D"),
     RSP_1("RSP1"),
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ public enum TunerType
      * Supported USB tuner types
      */
     public static final EnumSet<TunerType> SUPPORTED_USB_TUNERS = EnumSet.of(AIRSPY_R820T, BLADERF, ELONICS_E4000, FITIPOWER_FC0012,
-            HACKRF_JAWBREAKER, HACKRF_RAD1O, HACKRF_ONE, HACKRF_PRO, HYDRASDR_R828D, RAFAELMICRO_R820T);
+            HACKRF_JAWBREAKER, HACKRF_RAD1O, HACKRF_ONE, HACKRF_PRO, HYDRASDR_R828D, LIMESDR, RAFAELMICRO_R820T);
 
     /**
      * Supported sound card tuner types

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/airspy/AirspyTunerConfiguration.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public class AirspyTunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
     private int mLNAGain = AirspyTunerController.LNA_GAIN_DEFAULT;
     private boolean mMixerAGC = false;
     private boolean mLNAAGC = false;
+    private boolean mBiasT = false;
 
     /**
      * Default constructor for JAXB
@@ -129,4 +130,15 @@ public class AirspyTunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
     {
         mLNAAGC = enabled;
     }
+
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "bias_t")
+    public boolean isBiasT()
+    {
+        return mBiasT;
+    }
+
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled)
+    {
+        mBiasT = enabled;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/airspy/AirspyTunerController.java

@@ -32,19 +32,13 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ITunerErrorListener;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import java.text.DecimalFormat;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * Airspy tuner controller, implemented with the jAirspy library (libairspy).
@@ -183,13 +177,22 @@ public class AirspyTunerController extends TunerController
     }
 
     /**
-     * Closes the device, which also stops streaming.
+     * Turns off the bias-T and closes the device, which also stops streaming.
      * @param device to close, or null
      */
     private static void closeDevice(AirspyDevice device)
     {
         if(device != null)
         {
+            try
+            {
+                device.setBiasTee(false);
+            }
+            catch(AirspyException | RuntimeException e)
+            {
+                mLog.warn("Error turning off Airspy bias-T before closing the device - " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+
             try
             {
                 device.close();
@@ -203,98 +206,17 @@ public class AirspyTunerController extends TunerController
 
     /**
      * Reads the serial number of the device at this controller's USB bus and port, since libairspy opens a specific
-     * device by serial number.  The device is closed again before returning so that libairspy can open it.
+     * device by serial number.  The USB serial string is formatted as: AIRSPY SN:0123456789ABCDEF
      * @return serial number
      * @throws SourceException if the device isn't found or can't be accessed.
      */
     private long readSerialNumber() throws SourceException
     {
-        Context context = new Context();
-        int status = LibUsb.init(context);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
+        String serial = UsbDeviceLookup.readSerialNumber(mBus, mPortAddress);
 
         try
         {
-            DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-            int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, deviceList);
-
-            if(count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(count));
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                for(Device device : deviceList)
-                {
-                    if(LibUsb.getBusNumber(device) == mBus && LibUsb.getPortNumber(device) > 0 &&
-                        mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(TunerManager.getPortAddress(device)))
-                    {
-                        return readSerialNumber(device);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, true);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.exit(context);
-        }
-
-        throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + mBus + "] port [" + mPortAddress + "]");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reads the serial number from the device's USB serial string, formatted as: AIRSPY SN:0123456789ABCDEF
-     * @param device to read
-     * @return serial number
-     * @throws SourceException if the device can't be opened or the serial string isn't valid.
-     */
-    private static long readSerialNumber(Device device) throws SourceException
-    {
-        DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-        int status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't obtain tuner's device descriptor - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
-        status = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
-
-        if(status == LibUsb.ERROR_ACCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Access to USB tuner denied - (windows) reinstall zadig driver or (linux) blacklist driver and/or check udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("access denied - if using linux, blacklist the default driver and/or install udev rules");
-        }
-        else if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - reinstall driver? - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        String serial;
-
-        try
-        {
-            serial = LibUsb.getStringDescriptor(handle, descriptor.iSerialNumber());
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.close(handle);
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            return Long.parseUnsignedLong(serial.substring(serial.lastIndexOf(':') + 1), 16);
+            return Long.parseUnsignedLong(serial.substring(serial.lastIndexOf(':') + 1).trim(), 16);
         }
         catch(NullPointerException | NumberFormatException e)
         {
@@ -462,6 +384,7 @@ public class AirspyTunerController extends TunerController
                 setLNAGain(config.getLNAGain());
                 setMixerAGC(config.isMixerAGC());
                 setLNAAGC(config.isLNAAGC());
+                setBiasT(config.isBiasT());
 
                 //Set the gain mode last, so custom values are already set, and linearity and sensitivity modes will
                 //automatically override the custom values.
@@ -620,6 +543,17 @@ public class AirspyTunerController extends TunerController
         execute(device -> device.setLnaAgc(enabled));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Enables/disables the Bias-T (RF bias tee) power output for active antennas
+     *
+     * @param enabled true to enable Bias-T, false to disable
+     * @throws SourceException on error
+     */
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled) throws SourceException
+    {
+        execute(device -> device.setBiasTee(enabled));
+    }
+
     public void setGain(Gain gain) throws SourceException
     {
         if(gain != Gain.CUSTOM)

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/airspy/AirspyTunerEditor.java

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public class AirspyTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyTuner, AirspyTunerConfi
     private JLabel mMixerGainValueLabel;
     private JCheckBox mLNAAGCCheckBox;
     private JCheckBox mMixerAGCCheckBox;
+    private JCheckBox mBiasTCheckBox;
 
     /**
      * Constructs an instance
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ public class AirspyTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyTuner, AirspyTunerConfi
         getFrequencyPanel().updateControls();
         getSampleRateCombo().setEnabled(hasTuner() && !getTuner().getTunerController().isLockedSampleRate());
         getTunerInfoButton().setEnabled(hasTuner());
+        getBiasTCheckBox().setEnabled(hasTuner());
+        getBiasTCheckBox().setSelected(hasTuner() && hasConfiguration() && getConfiguration().isBiasT());
         updateGainComponents((hasTuner() && hasConfiguration()) ? getConfiguration().getGain() : null);
 
         if(hasTuner())
@@ -159,6 +162,9 @@ public class AirspyTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyTuner, AirspyTunerConfi
         add(new JLabel("Sample Rate:"));
         add(getSampleRateCombo(), "wrap");
 
+        add(new JLabel(""));
+        add(getBiasTCheckBox(), "wrap");
+
         add(new JSeparator(), "span,growx,push");
         add(new JLabel("Gain Control"), "wrap");
 
@@ -182,6 +188,37 @@ public class AirspyTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyTuner, AirspyTunerConfi
         add(getLNAGainValueLabel());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checkbox to enable/disable Bias-T power for active antennas
+     */
+    private JCheckBox getBiasTCheckBox()
+    {
+        if(mBiasTCheckBox == null)
+        {
+            mBiasTCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Bias-T");
+            mBiasTCheckBox.setEnabled(false);
+            mBiasTCheckBox.setToolTipText("Enable Bias-T power output for active antennas");
+            mBiasTCheckBox.addActionListener(e ->
+            {
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getTuner().getController().setBiasT(mBiasTCheckBox.isSelected());
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(Exception e1)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Error setting Bias-T", e1);
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(mBiasTCheckBox, "Couldn't set Bias-T: " + e1.getMessage());
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mBiasTCheckBox;
+    }
+
     private JCheckBox getLNAAGCCheckBox()
     {
         if(mLNAAGCCheckBox == null)
@@ -607,6 +644,7 @@ public class AirspyTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyTuner, AirspyTunerConfi
             getConfiguration().setLNAGain(getLNAGainSlider().getValue());
             getConfiguration().setMixerAGC(getMixerAGCCheckBox().isSelected());
             getConfiguration().setLNAAGC(getLNAAGCCheckBox().isSelected());
+            getConfiguration().setBiasT(getBiasTCheckBox().isSelected());
             saveConfiguration();
         }
     }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/airspy/hf/AirspyHfTunerConfiguration.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
     private boolean mAgc;
     private boolean mLna;
     private int mAttenuation;
+    private boolean mBiasT;
 
     /**
      * Default constructor for JAXB
@@ -114,6 +115,25 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
         mLna = lna;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the Bias-T power output is enabled.  Only applies to devices whose firmware supports a bias-T.
+     * @return bias-T enabled state
+     */
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "bias_t")
+    public boolean isBiasT()
+    {
+        return mBiasT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Bias-T power output enabled state
+     * @param enabled true to enable
+     */
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled)
+    {
+        mBiasT = enabled;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Attenuation setting.
      * @return attenuation setting index value.

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/airspy/hf/AirspyHfTunerController.java

@@ -32,18 +32,12 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ITunerErrorListener;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * Airspy HF+ Dual Port, HF+ Discovery and Ranger tuner controller, implemented with the jAirspyHF library
@@ -73,6 +67,8 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
     private Attenuation mAttenuation = Attenuation.A0;
     private boolean mAgcEnabled;
     private boolean mLnaEnabled;
+    private boolean mBiasTSupported;
+    private boolean mBiasTEnabled;
     private volatile float mSamplesPerMillisecond = DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE.getSampleRate() / 1000.0f;
     private volatile int mBufferSampleCount = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SAMPLE_COUNT;
     private boolean mStreaming = false;
@@ -116,6 +112,8 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
 
         try
         {
+            mBiasTSupported = false;
+            mBiasTEnabled = false;
             mDevice = AirspyHf.open(serialNumber);
 
             BoardInfo boardInfo = mDevice.boardInfo();
@@ -139,6 +137,8 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
             }
 
             mAvailableSampleRates = Collections.unmodifiableList(sampleRates);
+            mBiasTSupported = detectBiasTSupport(mDevice);
+            mBiasTEnabled = false;
 
             //Force the sample rate to be applied, since the rate discovery leaves the device at the last rate.
             mCurrentSampleRate = null;
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
     public void stop()
     {
         AirspyHfDevice device;
+        boolean biasTEnabled;
 
         getLock().lock();
 
@@ -169,6 +170,8 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
             device = mDevice;
             mDevice = null;
             mStreaming = false;
+            biasTEnabled = mBiasTEnabled;
+            mBiasTEnabled = false;
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -176,9 +179,58 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
         }
 
         mNativeBufferBroadcaster.clear();
+
+        if(device != null && biasTEnabled)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                device.setBiasTee(0);
+            }
+            catch(AirspyHfException | RuntimeException e)
+            {
+                mLog.warn("Error turning off Airspy HF bias-T before closing the device - " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
         closeDevice(device);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Detects if the device firmware supports a bias-T.  Firmware without bias-T support rejects the bias-T commands.
+     * Some firmware (HF+ Discovery R5.0.1) rejects the bias-T count request, so this falls back to turning the bias-T
+     * off, which is a safe probe since the bias-T should be off at startup anyway.
+     * @param device to probe
+     * @return true if the device accepts bias-T commands
+     */
+    private static boolean detectBiasTSupport(AirspyHfDevice device)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            if(device.biasTeeCount() > 0)
+            {
+                device.setBiasTee(0);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+        catch(AirspyHfException | RuntimeException e)
+        {
+            //Bias-T count not supported - fall through and probe with a bias-T off command.
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            device.setBiasTee(0);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch(AirspyHfException | RuntimeException e)
+        {
+            mLog.debug("Airspy HF firmware doesn't support bias-T - " + e.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Closes the device, which also stops streaming.
      * @param device to close, or null
@@ -200,94 +252,13 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
 
     /**
      * Reads the serial number of the device at this controller's USB bus and port, since libairspyhf opens a specific
-     * device by serial number.  The device is closed again before returning so that libairspyhf can open it.
+     * device by serial number.  The USB serial string is formatted as: AIRSPYHF SN:0123456789ABCDEF
      * @return serial number
      * @throws SourceException if the device isn't found or can't be accessed.
      */
     private long readSerialNumber() throws SourceException
     {
-        Context context = new Context();
-        int status = LibUsb.init(context);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-            int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, deviceList);
-
-            if(count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(count));
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                for(Device device : deviceList)
-                {
-                    if(LibUsb.getBusNumber(device) == mBus && LibUsb.getPortNumber(device) > 0 &&
-                        mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(TunerManager.getPortAddress(device)))
-                    {
-                        return readSerialNumber(device);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, true);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.exit(context);
-        }
-
-        throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + mBus + "] port [" + mPortAddress + "]");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reads the serial number from the device's USB serial string, formatted as: AIRSPYHF SN:0123456789ABCDEF
-     * @param device to read
-     * @return serial number
-     * @throws SourceException if the device can't be opened or the serial string isn't valid.
-     */
-    private static long readSerialNumber(Device device) throws SourceException
-    {
-        DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-        int status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't obtain tuner's device descriptor - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
-        status = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
-
-        if(status == LibUsb.ERROR_ACCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Access to USB tuner denied - (windows) reinstall zadig driver or (linux) blacklist driver and/or check udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("access denied - if using linux, blacklist the default driver and/or install udev rules");
-        }
-        else if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - reinstall driver? - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        String serial;
-
-        try
-        {
-            serial = LibUsb.getStringDescriptor(handle, descriptor.iSerialNumber());
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.close(handle);
-        }
+        String serial = UsbDeviceLookup.readSerialNumber(mBus, mPortAddress);
 
         try
         {
@@ -448,6 +419,11 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
                 setLna(airspyConfig.isLna());
                 setAttenuation(airspyConfig.getAttenuation());
                 setAgc(airspyConfig.isAgc());
+
+                if(isBiasTSupported())
+                {
+                    setBiasT(airspyConfig.isBiasT());
+                }
             }
             catch(SourceException se)
             {
@@ -670,4 +646,38 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerController extends TunerController
         execute(device -> device.setAttenuationStep(attenuation.getValue()));
         mAttenuation = attenuation;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the device firmware supports a bias-T, available once the tuner is started.
+     * @return true if supported
+     */
+    public boolean isBiasTSupported()
+    {
+        return mBiasTSupported;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the Bias-T power output is enabled.
+     * @return enabled state
+     */
+    public boolean getBiasT()
+    {
+        return mBiasTEnabled;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables/disables the Bias-T (RF bias tee) power output for active antennas
+     * @param enabled true to enable Bias-T, false to disable
+     * @throws SourceException if the device doesn't support a bias-T or there is an error
+     */
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled) throws SourceException
+    {
+        if(!mBiasTSupported)
+        {
+            throw new SourceException("Airspy HF firmware doesn't support bias-T");
+        }
+
+        execute(device -> device.setBiasTee(enabled ? 1 : 0));
+        mBiasTEnabled = enabled;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/airspy/hf/AirspyHfTunerEditor.java

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyHfTuner,AirspyHfTuner
     private JComboBox<Attenuation> mAttenuationCombo;
     private JToggleButton mAgcToggleButton;
     private JToggleButton mLnaToggleButton;
+    private JToggleButton mBiasTToggleButton;
 
     /**
      * Constructs an instance
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyHfTuner,AirspyHfTuner
         buttonPanel.setLayout(new MigLayout("insets 0", "[left]", ""));
         buttonPanel.add(getAgcToggleButton());
         buttonPanel.add(getLnaToggleButton());
+        buttonPanel.add(getBiasTToggleButton());
         add(new JLabel(" "));
         add(buttonPanel, "wrap");
 
@@ -125,6 +127,12 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyHfTuner,AirspyHfTuner
             getConfiguration().setAgc(getAgcToggleButton().isSelected());
             getConfiguration().setLna(getLnaToggleButton().isSelected());
 
+            //Only update bias-T when the device supports it, so the saved setting isn't lost on unsupported firmware.
+            if(getTuner().getController().isBiasTSupported())
+            {
+                getConfiguration().setBiasT(getBiasTToggleButton().isSelected());
+            }
+
             saveConfiguration();
         }
     }
@@ -158,6 +166,11 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyHfTuner,AirspyHfTuner
             getAgcToggleButton().setSelected(getTuner().getController().getAgc());
             getLnaToggleButton().setEnabled(true);
             getLnaToggleButton().setSelected(getTuner().getController().getLna());
+            boolean biasTSupported = getTuner().getController().isBiasTSupported();
+            getBiasTToggleButton().setEnabled(biasTSupported);
+            getBiasTToggleButton().setSelected(biasTSupported && getTuner().getController().getBiasT());
+            getBiasTToggleButton().setToolTipText(biasTSupported ? "Enable Bias-T power output for active antennas" :
+                    "Bias-T not supported by this device or firmware");
             getSampleRateCombo().setSelectedItem(getTuner().getController().getCurrentAirspySampleRate());
             getAttenuationCombo().setEnabled(!getTuner().getController().getAgc());
             getAttenuationCombo().setSelectedItem(getTuner().getController().getAttenuation());
@@ -169,6 +182,9 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyHfTuner,AirspyHfTuner
             getAgcToggleButton().setSelected(false);
             getLnaToggleButton().setEnabled(false);
             getLnaToggleButton().setSelected(false);
+            getBiasTToggleButton().setEnabled(false);
+            getBiasTToggleButton().setSelected(false);
+            getBiasTToggleButton().setToolTipText("No tuner available");
             getSampleRateCombo().setEnabled(false);
             getAttenuationCombo().setEnabled(false);
             getAttenuationCombo().setSelectedItem(Attenuation.A0);
@@ -344,4 +360,36 @@ public class AirspyHfTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<AirspyHfTuner,AirspyHfTuner
 
         return mLnaToggleButton;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Bias-T toggle button, enabled only when the device firmware supports a bias-T.
+     */
+    private JToggleButton getBiasTToggleButton()
+    {
+        if(mBiasTToggleButton == null)
+        {
+            mBiasTToggleButton = new JToggleButton("Bias-T");
+            mBiasTToggleButton.setToolTipText("Enable Bias-T power output for active antennas");
+            mBiasTToggleButton.setEnabled(false);
+            mBiasTToggleButton.addActionListener(e -> {
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getTuner().getController().setBiasT(mBiasTToggleButton.isSelected());
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(SourceException se)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Error setting Airspy HF Bias-T", se);
+                        mBiasTToggleButton.setSelected(getTuner().getController().getBiasT());
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(AirspyHfTunerEditor.this,
+                                "Airspy HF Tuner Controller - couldn't change Bias-T setting " + se.getLocalizedMessage());
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mBiasTToggleButton;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/bladerf/BladeRfTunerController.java

@@ -45,17 +45,13 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ITunerErrorListener;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import io.github.dsheirer.util.ThreadPool;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * bladeRF tuner controller, implemented with the jBladeRF library (libbladeRF).
@@ -376,46 +372,7 @@ public class BladeRfTunerController extends TunerController
      */
     private int readUsbAddress() throws SourceException
     {
-        Context context = new Context();
-        int status = LibUsb.init(context);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-            int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, deviceList);
-
-            if(count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(count));
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                for(Device device : deviceList)
-                {
-                    if(LibUsb.getBusNumber(device) == mBus && LibUsb.getPortNumber(device) > 0 &&
-                        mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(TunerManager.getPortAddress(device)))
-                    {
-                        return LibUsb.getDeviceAddress(device);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, true);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.exit(context);
-        }
-
-        throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + mBus + "] port [" + mPortAddress + "]");
+        return UsbDeviceLookup.find(mBus, mPortAddress).address();
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/configuration/TunerConfiguration.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd.proV1.FCD1TunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd.proplusV2.FCD2TunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.hackrf.HackRFTunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.hydrasdr.HydraSdrTunerConfiguration;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr.LimeSdrTunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.recording.RecordingTunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.rtl.e4k.E4KTunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.rtl.fc0012.FC0012TunerConfiguration;
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.sdrplay.RspTunerConfiguration;
         @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = FCD2TunerConfiguration.class, name = "fcd2TunerConfiguration"),
         @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = HackRFTunerConfiguration.class, name = "hackRFTunerConfiguration"),
         @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = HydraSdrTunerConfiguration.class, name = "hydraSdrTunerConfiguration"),
+        @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = LimeSdrTunerConfiguration.class, name = "limeSdrTunerConfiguration"),
         @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = RecordingTunerConfiguration.class, name = "recordingTunerConfiguration"),
         @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = R820TTunerConfiguration.class, name = "r820TTunerConfiguration"),
         @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = R828DTunerConfiguration.class, name = "r828DTunerConfiguration"),

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/FCDCommand.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd;
 public enum FCDCommand
 {
 	/**
-	 * Note: the javaxUSB and usb4Java libraries are slightly different than
+	 * Note: the libusb interrupt transfers used here (through jlibusb) are slightly different than
 	 * the signal9 HID libraries used in C, so you will see variations in the
 	 * byte array length and indexes, when comparing this setup to the qthid
 	 * source code.

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/FCDTunerController.java

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
 package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd;
 
 import io.github.dsheirer.buffer.INativeBuffer;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.LibUsb;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbContext;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceHandle;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceInfo;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbException;
 import io.github.dsheirer.sample.Listener;
 import io.github.dsheirer.sample.adapter.ComplexShortAdapter;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.SourceException;
@@ -28,21 +33,13 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.MixerTunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerClass;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsbException;
 
 import javax.sound.sampled.TargetDataLine;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
-import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
 public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
@@ -50,16 +47,19 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
     private final static Logger mLog = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FCDTunerController.class);
     private static final double USABLE_BANDWIDTH_PERCENT = 1.0;
     private static final int DC_SPIKE_AVOID_HALF_BANDWIDTH = 5000;
-    private final static byte FCD_INTERFACE = (byte) 0x2;
-    private final static byte FCD_ENDPOINT_IN = (byte) 0x82;
-    private final static byte FCD_ENDPOINT_OUT = (byte) 0x2;
+    private final static int FCD_INTERFACE = 0x2;
+    private final static int FCD_ENDPOINT_IN = 0x82;
+    private final static int FCD_ENDPOINT_OUT = 0x2;
+    private final static int FCD_PACKET_SIZE = 64;
+    private final static int FCD_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+    private final static int LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE = -4;
 
     private int mBus;
     private String mPortAddress;
-    private Context mDeviceContext = new Context();
-    private Device mDevice;
-    private DeviceDescriptor mDeviceDescriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-    private DeviceHandle mDeviceHandle = new DeviceHandle();
+    private UsbContext mUsbContext;
+    private UsbDeviceInfo mDevice;
+    private volatile UsbDeviceHandle mDeviceHandle;
+    private boolean mShutdown = false;
 
     private FCDConfiguration mConfiguration = new FCDConfiguration();
     protected ComplexMixer mComplexMixer;
@@ -168,58 +168,6 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Finds the USB device for this tuner at the specified USB bus and port.
-     * @return discovered USB device
-     * @throws SourceException if there is an error or the device is not discovered.
-     */
-    private Device findDevice() throws SourceException
-    {
-        Device foundDevice = null;
-
-        DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-        int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(mDeviceContext, deviceList);
-
-        if(count >= 0)
-        {
-            for(Device device: deviceList)
-            {
-                int bus = LibUsb.getBusNumber(device);
-                int port = LibUsb.getPortNumber(device);
-
-                if(port > 0)
-                {
-                    String portAddress = TunerManager.getPortAddress(device);
-
-                    if(mBus == bus && mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(portAddress))
-                    {
-                        foundDevice = device;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        LibUsb.unrefDevice(device);
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    LibUsb.unrefDevice(device);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("LibUsb couldn't discover USB device [" + mBus + ":" + mPortAddress +
-                    "] from device list" + (count < 0 ? " - error: " + LibUsb.errorName(count) : ""));
-        }
-
-        if(foundDevice == null)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("LibUsb couldn't find the matching USB device");
-        }
-
-        return foundDevice;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Initializes the controller by opening the USB device and claiming the HID interface.
      * Invoke this method after constructing this class to setup the controller.
@@ -228,80 +176,102 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      */
     public void start() throws SourceException
     {
-        if(mDeviceContext == null)
+        if(mShutdown)
         {
             throw new SourceException("Device cannot be reused once it has been shutdown");
         }
 
-        int status = LibUsb.init(mDeviceContext);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        mDevice = findDevice();
-        mDeviceDescriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-        status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(mDevice, mDeviceDescriptor);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mDeviceDescriptor = null;
-            throw new SourceException("Can't obtain tuner's device descriptor - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        mDeviceHandle = new DeviceHandle();
-        status = LibUsb.open(mDevice, mDeviceHandle);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mDeviceHandle = null;
-            mDeviceDescriptor = null;
-
-            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner [" + getTunerType() + "] - check driver or Linux udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        //Remove a kernel driver if active
-        status = LibUsb.kernelDriverActive(mDeviceHandle, FCD_INTERFACE);
-
-        if(status == 1)
-        {
-            status = LibUsb.detachKernelDriver(mDeviceHandle, FCD_INTERFACE);
-
-            if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-            {
-                mLog.error("Unable to detach kernel driver for USB tuner device - bus:" + mBus + " port:" + mPortAddress);
-                mDeviceHandle = null;
-                mDeviceDescriptor = null;
-                throw new SourceException("Can't detach kernel driver");
-            }
-        }
-
-        //Claim the interface
-        status = LibUsb.claimInterface(mDeviceHandle, FCD_INTERFACE);
-
-        if(status == LibUsb.ERROR_BUSY)
-        {
-            mDeviceHandle = null;
-            mDeviceDescriptor = null;
-            throw new SourceException("USB tuner is in-use by another application");
-        }
-        else if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mDeviceHandle = null;
-            mDeviceDescriptor = null;
-            throw new SourceException("Can't claim interface on USB tuner - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
+        mUsbContext = UsbDeviceLookup.createContext();
 
         try
         {
-            deviceStart();
+            mDevice = UsbDeviceLookup.find(mUsbContext, mBus, mPortAddress);
+
+            try
+            {
+                mDeviceHandle = mUsbContext.open(mDevice);
+            }
+            catch(UsbException e)
+            {
+                mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner [" + getTunerType() + "] - check driver or Linux udev rules");
+                throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules - " +
+                        LibUsb.errorName(e.code()));
+            }
+
+            //Remove a kernel driver if active
+            boolean kernelDriverActive;
+
+            try
+            {
+                kernelDriverActive = mDeviceHandle.isKernelDriverActive(FCD_INTERFACE);
+            }
+            catch(UsbException e)
+            {
+                kernelDriverActive = false;
+            }
+
+            if(kernelDriverActive)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    mDeviceHandle.detachKernelDriver(FCD_INTERFACE);
+                }
+                catch(UsbException e)
+                {
+                    mLog.error("Unable to detach kernel driver for USB tuner device - bus:" + mBus + " port:" + mPortAddress);
+                    throw new SourceException("Can't detach kernel driver");
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Claim the interface
+            try
+            {
+                mDeviceHandle.claimInterface(FCD_INTERFACE);
+            }
+            catch(UsbException e)
+            {
+                if(e.code() == UsbDeviceLookup.ERROR_BUSY)
+                {
+                    throw new SourceException("USB tuner is in-use by another application");
+                }
+
+                throw new SourceException("Can't claim interface on USB tuner - " + LibUsb.errorName(e.code()));
+            }
         }
         catch(SourceException se)
         {
+            closeUsb();
             throw se;
         }
+
+        deviceStart();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the USB device handle and the libusb context.
+     */
+    private void closeUsb()
+    {
+        UsbDeviceHandle handle = mDeviceHandle;
+        mDeviceHandle = null;
+
+        if(handle != null)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                handle.close();
+            }
+            catch(Exception e)
+            {
+                mLog.error("error while closing device handle", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(mUsbContext != null)
+        {
+            mUsbContext.close();
+            mUsbContext = null;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -321,23 +291,9 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
             mComplexMixer = null;
         }
 
-        if(mDeviceHandle != null)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                LibUsb.close(mDeviceHandle);
-            }
-            catch(Exception e)
-            {
-                mLog.error("error while closing device handle", e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        mDeviceDescriptor = null;
-        mDeviceHandle = null;
+        closeUsb();
         mDevice = null;
-        LibUsb.exit(mDeviceContext);
-        mDeviceContext = null;
+        mShutdown = true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -360,19 +316,14 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      */
     public String getUSBAddress()
     {
-        if(mDevice != null)
+        UsbDeviceInfo device = mDevice;
+
+        //This is the tuner's unique ID for saved tuner configurations, so the format must not change: the port is the
+        //last port number in the path from the root hub, as libusb_get_port_number() reports it.
+        if(device != null)
         {
-            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
-            sb.append("Bus:");
-            int bus = LibUsb.getBusNumber(mDevice);
-            sb.append(bus);
-
-            sb.append(" Port:");
-            int port = LibUsb.getPortNumber(mDevice);
-            sb.append(port);
-
-            return sb.toString();
+            int port = device.portNumbers().isEmpty() ? 0 : device.portNumbers().getLast();
+            return "Bus:" + device.busNumber() + " Port:" + port;
         }
 
         return "UNKNOWN";
@@ -383,38 +334,34 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      */
     public String getUSBID()
     {
-        if(mDeviceDescriptor != null)
+        UsbDeviceInfo device = mDevice;
+
+        if(device != null)
         {
-            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
-            sb.append(String.format("%04X", (int) (mDeviceDescriptor.idVendor() & 0xFFFF)));
-            sb.append(":");
-            sb.append(String.format("%04X", (int) (mDeviceDescriptor.idProduct() & 0xFFFF)));
-
-            return sb.toString();
+            return String.format("%04X:%04X", device.vendorId(), device.productId());
         }
 
         return "UNKNOWN";
     }
 
     /**
-     * USB Port Speed.  Should be 2.0 for both types of funcube dongles
+     * USB Port Speed.  The FUNcube Dongle Pro is a full speed (USB 1.1) device.
      */
     public String getUSBSpeed()
     {
-        if(mDevice != null)
-        {
-            int speed = LibUsb.getDeviceSpeed(mDevice);
+        UsbDeviceInfo device = mDevice;
 
-            switch(speed)
+        if(device != null)
+        {
+            switch(device.speed())
             {
-                case 0:
+                case LOW:
                     return "1.1 LOW";
-                case 1:
+                case FULL:
                     return "1.1 FULL";
-                case 2:
+                case HIGH:
                     return "2.0 HIGH";
-                case 3:
+                case SUPER:
                     return "3.0 SUPER";
                 default:
             }
@@ -500,26 +447,27 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs an interrupt write to the OUT endpoint.
+     * Performs an interrupt write of one 64 byte packet to the OUT endpoint.
      *
-     * @param buffer - direct allocated buffer.  Must be 64 bytes in length.
-     * @throws LibUsbException on error
+     * @param packet to write.  Must be 64 bytes in length.
+     * @throws FCDUsbException on error
      */
-    private void write(ByteBuffer buffer) throws LibUsbException
+    private void write(byte[] packet) throws FCDUsbException
     {
-        if(mDeviceHandle != null)
-        {
-            IntBuffer transferred = IntBuffer.allocate(1);
-            int result = LibUsb.interruptTransfer(mDeviceHandle, FCD_ENDPOINT_OUT, buffer, transferred, 500l);
+        UsbDeviceHandle handle = mDeviceHandle;
 
-            if(result != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-            {
-                throw new LibUsbException("error writing byte buffer", result);
-            }
-        }
-        else
+        if(handle == null)
         {
-            throw new LibUsbException("device handle is null", LibUsb.ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
+            throw new FCDUsbException("device handle is null", LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            handle.interruptTransfer(FCD_ENDPOINT_OUT, packet, packet.length, FCD_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            throw new FCDUsbException("error writing byte buffer", e.code());
         }
     }
 
@@ -527,14 +475,14 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      * Performs an interrupt write to the OUT endpoint for the FCD command.
      *
      * @param command - no-argument command to write
-     * @throws LibUsbException - on error
+     * @throws FCDUsbException - on error
      */
-    private void write(FCDCommand command) throws LibUsbException
+    private void write(FCDCommand command) throws FCDUsbException
     {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(64);
-        buffer.put(0, command.getCommand());
-        buffer.put(1, (byte) 0x00);
-        write(buffer);
+        byte[] packet = new byte[FCD_PACKET_SIZE];
+        packet[0] = command.getCommand();
+        packet[1] = (byte) 0x00;
+        write(packet);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -542,46 +490,53 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      *
      * @param command - command to write
      * @param argument - value to write with the command
-     * @throws LibUsbException - on error
+     * @throws FCDUsbException - on error
      */
-    private void write(FCDCommand command, long argument) throws LibUsbException
+    private void write(FCDCommand command, long argument) throws FCDUsbException
     {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(64);
+        byte[] packet = new byte[FCD_PACKET_SIZE];
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
         /* The FCD expects little-endian formatted values */
         buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
         buffer.put(0, command.getCommand());
         buffer.putLong(1, argument);
-        write(buffer);
+        write(packet);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs an interrupt read against the endpoint
+     * Performs an interrupt read of one 64 byte packet from the IN endpoint
      *
      * @return buffer read from FCD
-     * @throws LibUsbException on error
+     * @throws FCDUsbException on error
      */
-    private ByteBuffer read() throws LibUsbException
+    private ByteBuffer read() throws FCDUsbException
     {
-        if(mDeviceHandle != null)
+        UsbDeviceHandle handle = mDeviceHandle;
+
+        if(handle == null)
         {
-            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(64);
-            IntBuffer transferred = IntBuffer.allocate(1);
-            int result = LibUsb.interruptTransfer(mDeviceHandle, FCD_ENDPOINT_IN, buffer, transferred, 500l);
-
-            if(result != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-            {
-                throw new LibUsbException("error reading byte buffer", result);
-            }
-            else if(transferred.get(0) != buffer.capacity())
-            {
-                throw new LibUsbException("received bytes [" + transferred.get(0) + "] didn't match expected length [" +
-                        buffer.capacity() + "]", result);
-            }
-
-            return buffer;
+            throw new FCDUsbException("device handle is null", LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
         }
 
-        throw new LibUsbException("device handle is null", LibUsb.ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
+        byte[] packet = new byte[FCD_PACKET_SIZE];
+        int transferred;
+
+        try
+        {
+            transferred = handle.interruptTransfer(FCD_ENDPOINT_IN, packet, packet.length, FCD_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            throw new FCDUsbException("error reading byte buffer", e.code());
+        }
+
+        if(transferred != packet.length)
+        {
+            throw new FCDUsbException("received bytes [" + transferred + "] didn't match expected length [" +
+                    packet.length + "]", 0);
+        }
+
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -590,9 +545,9 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      *
      * @param command - command to send
      * @param argument - command argument to send
-     * @throws LibUsbException - on error
+     * @throws FCDUsbException - on error
      */
-    protected synchronized void send(FCDCommand command, long argument) throws LibUsbException
+    protected synchronized void send(FCDCommand command, long argument) throws FCDUsbException
     {
         write(command, argument);
         read();
@@ -603,9 +558,9 @@ public abstract class FCDTunerController extends TunerController
      * command.
      *
      * @param command - command to send
-     * @throws LibUsbException - on error
+     * @throws FCDUsbException - on error
      */
-    protected ByteBuffer send(FCDCommand command) throws LibUsbException
+    protected ByteBuffer send(FCDCommand command) throws FCDUsbException
     {
         write(command);
         return read();

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/FCDUsbException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.LibUsb;
+
+/**
+ * USB transfer error while communicating with a FUNcube Dongle.  Unchecked, like the usb4java exception it replaces,
+ * since the FCD command methods are called from many places that handle any exception.
+ */
+public class FCDUsbException extends RuntimeException
+{
+    private final int mErrorCode;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance
+     * @param message describing the failed operation
+     * @param errorCode libusb error code, or 0 when the transfer succeeded but returned unexpected data
+     */
+    public FCDUsbException(String message, int errorCode)
+    {
+        super(errorCode < 0 ? message + " - " + LibUsb.errorName(errorCode) : message);
+        mErrorCode = errorCode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * libusb error code, such as -7 for LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT, or 0
+     */
+    public int getErrorCode()
+    {
+        return mErrorCode;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/proV1/FCD1TunerConfiguration.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ public class FCD1TunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
     private LNAGain mLNAGain = LNAGain.LNA_GAIN_PLUS_20_0;
     private LNAEnhance mLNAEnhance = LNAEnhance.LNA_ENHANCE_OFF;
     private MixerGain mMixerGain = MixerGain.MIXER_GAIN_PLUS_12_0;
+    private boolean mBiasT = false;
 
     /**
      * Default constructor for JAXB
@@ -132,4 +133,15 @@ public class FCD1TunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
     {
         mGainCorrection = value;
     }
+
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "bias_t")
+    public boolean isBiasT()
+    {
+        return mBiasT;
+    }
+
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled)
+    {
+        mBiasT = enabled;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/proV1/FCD1TunerController.java

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ public class FCD1TunerController extends FCDTunerController
     private LNAGain mLNAGain;
     private LNAEnhance mLNAEnhance;
     private MixerGain mMixerGain;
+    private boolean mBiasTEnabled = false;
 
     /**
      * Constructs an instance
@@ -123,9 +124,61 @@ public class FCD1TunerController extends FCDTunerController
                 //Re-cast any usb exceptions as source exceptions
                 throw new SourceException("FCD 1 Controller error applying tuner config - " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
             }
+
+            //Apply the bias-T separately so that a bias-T error doesn't prevent the tuner from starting.
+            try
+            {
+                setBiasT(fcd1.isBiasT());
+            }
+            catch(SourceException se)
+            {
+                mLog.warn("FCD 1 Controller couldn't apply bias-T setting - " + se.getMessage());
+            }
         }
    }
 
+    /**
+     * Enables/disables the Bias-T (RF bias tee) power output for active antennas
+     *
+     * @param enabled true to enable Bias-T, false to disable
+     * @throws SourceException on error
+     */
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled) throws SourceException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            send(FCDCommand.APP_SET_BIAS_TEE, enabled ? 1 : 0);
+            mBiasTEnabled = enabled;
+        }
+        catch(Exception e)
+        {
+            throw new SourceException("Couldn't set FCD Pro bias-T", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns off the bias-T, when enabled, before closing the device.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void stop()
+    {
+        if(mBiasTEnabled)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                setBiasT(false);
+            }
+            catch(Exception e)
+            {
+                mLog.warn("Error turning off FCD Pro bias-T before closing the device - " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+
+            mBiasTEnabled = false;
+        }
+
+        super.stop();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Gets the current LNA Gain value from the controller and stores it
      */

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/proV1/FCD1TunerEditor.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd.proV1;
 
 import io.github.dsheirer.preference.UserPreferences;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.SourceException;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd.FCDTuner;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd.proV1.FCD1TunerController.LNAEnhance;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.fcd.proV1.FCD1TunerController.LNAGain;
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import javax.swing.JButton;
+import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
 import javax.swing.JComboBox;
 import javax.swing.JLabel;
 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ public class FCD1TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner,FCD1TunerConfiguration
     private JComboBox<LNAGain> mLnaGainCombo;
     private JComboBox<LNAEnhance> mLnaEnhanceCombo;
     private JComboBox<MixerGain> mMixerGainCombo;
+    private JCheckBox mBiasTCheckBox;
     private CorrectionSpinner mCorrectionDCI;
     private CorrectionSpinner mCorrectionDCQ;
     private CorrectionSpinner mGainCorrectionSpinner;
@@ -121,6 +124,7 @@ public class FCD1TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner,FCD1TunerConfiguration
             getMixerGainCombo().setSelectedItem(getConfiguration().getMixerGain());
             getLnaEnhanceCombo().setSelectedItem(getConfiguration().getLNAEnhance());
             getLnaGainCombo().setSelectedItem(getConfiguration().getLNAGain());
+            getBiasTCheckBox().setSelected(getConfiguration().isBiasT());
             getDcCorrectionSpinnerI().setValue(getConfiguration().getInphaseDCCorrection());
             getDcCorrectionSpinnerQ().setValue(getConfiguration().getQuadratureDCCorrection());
             getPhaseCorrectionSpinner().setValue(getConfiguration().getGainCorrection());
@@ -130,6 +134,7 @@ public class FCD1TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner,FCD1TunerConfiguration
         getMixerGainCombo().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getLnaEnhanceCombo().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getLnaGainCombo().setEnabled(hasTuner());
+        getBiasTCheckBox().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getDcCorrectionSpinnerI().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getDcCorrectionSpinnerQ().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getPhaseCorrectionSpinner().setEnabled(hasTuner());
@@ -164,6 +169,8 @@ public class FCD1TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner,FCD1TunerConfiguration
         add(getLnaEnhanceCombo(), "wrap");
         add(new JLabel("Mixer:"));
         add(getMixerGainCombo(), "wrap");
+        add(new JLabel(""));
+        add(getBiasTCheckBox(), "wrap");
 
         add(new JSeparator(), "span,growx,push");
         add(new JLabel("Correction"), "span,align center");
@@ -209,6 +216,37 @@ public class FCD1TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner,FCD1TunerConfiguration
         return mLnaGainCombo;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checkbox to enable/disable Bias-T power for active antennas
+     */
+    public JCheckBox getBiasTCheckBox()
+    {
+        if(mBiasTCheckBox == null)
+        {
+            mBiasTCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Bias-T");
+            mBiasTCheckBox.setEnabled(false);
+            mBiasTCheckBox.setToolTipText("Enable Bias-T power output for active antennas");
+            mBiasTCheckBox.addActionListener(event ->
+            {
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getController().setBiasT(mBiasTCheckBox.isSelected());
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(SourceException e)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Couldn't set bias-T for FCD Pro", e);
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(FCD1TunerEditor.this, "Couldn't set Bias-T: " + e.getMessage());
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mBiasTCheckBox;
+    }
+
     public JComboBox getLnaEnhanceCombo()
     {
         if(mLnaEnhanceCombo == null)
@@ -386,6 +424,7 @@ public class FCD1TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner,FCD1TunerConfiguration
             getConfiguration().setLNAEnhance((LNAEnhance) mLnaEnhanceCombo.getSelectedItem());
             getConfiguration().setLNAGain((LNAGain) mLnaGainCombo.getSelectedItem());
             getConfiguration().setMixerGain((MixerGain) mMixerGainCombo.getSelectedItem());
+            getConfiguration().setBiasT(getBiasTCheckBox().isSelected());
             double dci = ((SpinnerNumberModel)mCorrectionDCI.getModel()).getNumber().doubleValue();
             getConfiguration().setInphaseDCCorrection(dci);
             double dcq = ((SpinnerNumberModel)mCorrectionDCQ.getModel()).getNumber().doubleValue();

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/proplusV2/FCD2TunerConfiguration.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public class FCD2TunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
 {
     private boolean mGainLNA = true;
     private boolean mGainMixer = true;
+    private boolean mBiasT = false;
 
     /**
      * Default constructor for JAXB
@@ -69,4 +70,15 @@ public class FCD2TunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
     {
         mGainMixer = gain;
     }
+
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "bias_t")
+    public boolean isBiasT()
+    {
+        return mBiasT;
+    }
+
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled)
+    {
+        mBiasT = enabled;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/proplusV2/FCD2TunerController.java

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ public class FCD2TunerController extends FCDTunerController
     public static final int MINIMUM_TUNABLE_FREQUENCY_HZ = 150000;
     public static final int MAXIMUM_TUNABLE_FREQUENCY_HZ = 2050000000;
     public static final int SAMPLE_RATE = 192000;
+    private boolean mBiasTEnabled = false;
 
     /**
      * Constructs an instance
@@ -98,6 +99,48 @@ public class FCD2TunerController extends FCDTunerController
         send(FCDCommand.APP_SET_MIXER_GAIN, enabled ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Enables/disables the Bias-T (RF bias tee) power output for active antennas
+     *
+     * @param enabled true to enable Bias-T, false to disable
+     * @throws SourceException on error
+     */
+    public void setBiasT(boolean enabled) throws SourceException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            send(FCDCommand.APP_SET_BIAS_TEE, enabled ? 1 : 0);
+            mBiasTEnabled = enabled;
+        }
+        catch(Exception e)
+        {
+            throw new SourceException("Couldn't set FCD Pro Plus bias-T", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns off the bias-T, when enabled, before closing the device.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void stop()
+    {
+        if(mBiasTEnabled)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                setBiasT(false);
+            }
+            catch(Exception e)
+            {
+                mLog.warn("Error turning off FCD Pro Plus bias-T before closing the device - " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+
+            mBiasTEnabled = false;
+        }
+
+        super.stop();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void apply(TunerConfiguration config) throws SourceException
     {
@@ -108,6 +151,7 @@ public class FCD2TunerController extends FCDTunerController
         {
             setLNAGain(fcd2.getGainLNA());
             setMixerGain(fcd2.getGainMixer());
+            setBiasT(fcd2.isBiasT());
         }
     }
 

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/fcd/proplusV2/FCD2TunerEditor.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import javax.swing.JButton;
 import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
 import javax.swing.JLabel;
 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import javax.swing.JPanel;
 import javax.swing.JSeparator;
 import javax.swing.SpinnerNumberModel;
 
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ public class FCD2TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner, FCD2TunerConfiguratio
     private JButton mTunerInfoButton;
     private JCheckBox mLnaGainCheckBox;
     private JCheckBox mMixerGainCheckBox;
+    private JCheckBox mBiasTCheckBox;
 
     /**
      * Constructs an instance
@@ -106,11 +108,13 @@ public class FCD2TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner, FCD2TunerConfiguratio
         getTunerInfoButton().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getLnaGainCheckBox().setEnabled(hasTuner());
         getMixerGainCheckBox().setEnabled(hasTuner());
+        getBiasTCheckBox().setEnabled(hasTuner());
 
         if(hasTuner() && hasConfiguration())
         {
             getLnaGainCheckBox().setSelected(getConfiguration().getGainLNA());
             getMixerGainCheckBox().setSelected(getConfiguration().getGainMixer());
+            getBiasTCheckBox().setSelected(getConfiguration().isBiasT());
         }
 
         setLoading(false);
@@ -135,8 +139,12 @@ public class FCD2TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner, FCD2TunerConfiguratio
         add(getFrequencyPanel(), "wrap");
 
         add(new JSeparator(), "span,growx,push");
-        add(getLnaGainCheckBox());
-        add(getMixerGainCheckBox());
+        JPanel checkBoxPanel = new JPanel();
+        checkBoxPanel.setLayout(new MigLayout("insets 0", "[left][left][left]", ""));
+        checkBoxPanel.add(getLnaGainCheckBox());
+        checkBoxPanel.add(getMixerGainCheckBox());
+        checkBoxPanel.add(getBiasTCheckBox());
+        add(checkBoxPanel, "span,align left");
     }
 
     public JButton getTunerInfoButton()
@@ -204,6 +212,37 @@ public class FCD2TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner, FCD2TunerConfiguratio
         return mMixerGainCheckBox;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checkbox to enable/disable Bias-T power for active antennas
+     */
+    public JCheckBox getBiasTCheckBox()
+    {
+        if(mBiasTCheckBox == null)
+        {
+            mBiasTCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Bias-T");
+            mBiasTCheckBox.setEnabled(false);
+            mBiasTCheckBox.setToolTipText("Enable Bias-T power output for active antennas");
+            mBiasTCheckBox.addActionListener(event ->
+            {
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getController().setBiasT(getBiasTCheckBox().isSelected());
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(SourceException e)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Couldn't set bias-T for FCD2", e);
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(mBiasTCheckBox, "Couldn't set Bias-T: " + e.getMessage());
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mBiasTCheckBox;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setTunerLockState(boolean locked)
     {
@@ -255,6 +294,7 @@ public class FCD2TunerEditor extends TunerEditor<FCDTuner, FCD2TunerConfiguratio
             getConfiguration().setAutoPPMCorrectionEnabled(getAutoPPMCheckBox().isSelected());
             getConfiguration().setGainLNA(getLnaGainCheckBox().isSelected());
             getConfiguration().setGainMixer(getMixerGainCheckBox().isSelected());
+            getConfiguration().setBiasT(getBiasTCheckBox().isSelected());
             saveConfiguration();
         }
     }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/hackrf/HackRFTunerController.java

@@ -32,17 +32,11 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ITunerErrorListener;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * HackRF One, HackRF Pro, Jawbreaker and rad1o tuner controller, implemented with the jHackRF library (libhackrf).
@@ -252,110 +246,21 @@ public class HackRFTunerController extends TunerController
 
     /**
      * Reads the USB serial number of the device at this controller's USB bus and port, since libhackrf opens a
-     * specific device by serial number.  The device is closed again before returning so that libhackrf can open it.
+     * specific device by serial number.
      * @return serial number or null if the device doesn't report a serial number.
      * @throws SourceException if the device isn't found or can't be accessed.
      */
     private String readSerialNumber() throws SourceException
     {
-        Context context = new Context();
-        int status = LibUsb.init(context);
+        String serial = UsbDeviceLookup.readSerialNumber(mBus, mPortAddress);
 
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
+        //libhackrf compares, at most, the last 32 characters of the serial string
+        if(serial != null && serial.length() > 32)
         {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
+            serial = serial.substring(serial.length() - 32);
         }
 
-        try
-        {
-            DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-            int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, deviceList);
-
-            if(count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(count));
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                for(Device device : deviceList)
-                {
-                    if(LibUsb.getBusNumber(device) == mBus && LibUsb.getPortNumber(device) > 0 &&
-                        mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(TunerManager.getPortAddress(device)))
-                    {
-                        return readSerialNumber(device);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, true);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.exit(context);
-        }
-
-        throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + mBus + "] port [" + mPortAddress + "]");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reads the serial number from the device's USB serial string descriptor.
-     * @param device to read
-     * @return serial number or null if the device doesn't have a serial string.
-     * @throws SourceException if the device can't be opened.
-     */
-    private static String readSerialNumber(Device device) throws SourceException
-    {
-        DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-        int status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't obtain tuner's device descriptor - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        if(descriptor.iSerialNumber() == 0)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
-        status = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
-
-        if(status == LibUsb.ERROR_ACCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Access to USB tuner denied - (windows) reinstall zadig driver or (linux) blacklist driver and/or check udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("access denied - if using linux, blacklist the default driver and/or install udev rules");
-        }
-        else if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - reinstall driver? - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            String serial = LibUsb.getStringDescriptor(handle, descriptor.iSerialNumber());
-
-            if(serial != null)
-            {
-                serial = serial.trim();
-
-                //libhackrf compares, at most, the last 32 characters of the serial string
-                if(serial.length() > 32)
-                {
-                    serial = serial.substring(serial.length() - 32);
-                }
-            }
-
-            return serial == null || serial.isEmpty() ? null : serial;
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.close(handle);
-        }
+        return serial == null || serial.isEmpty() ? null : serial;
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/hydrasdr/HydraSdrTunerController.java

@@ -34,19 +34,13 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ITunerErrorListener;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import java.text.DecimalFormat;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * HydraSDR tuner controller, implemented with the jHydraSDR library (libhydrasdr).
@@ -209,98 +203,17 @@ public class HydraSdrTunerController extends TunerController
 
     /**
      * Reads the serial number of the device at this controller's USB bus and port, since libhydrasdr opens a specific
-     * device by serial number.  The device is closed again before returning so that libhydrasdr can open it.
+     * device by serial number.  The USB serial string is formatted as: HYDRASDR SN:0123456789ABCDEF
      * @return serial number
      * @throws SourceException if the device isn't found or can't be accessed.
      */
     private long readSerialNumber() throws SourceException
     {
-        Context context = new Context();
-        int status = LibUsb.init(context);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
+        String serial = UsbDeviceLookup.readSerialNumber(mBus, mPortAddress);
 
         try
         {
-            DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-            int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, deviceList);
-
-            if(count < 0)
-            {
-                throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(count));
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                for(Device device : deviceList)
-                {
-                    if(LibUsb.getBusNumber(device) == mBus && LibUsb.getPortNumber(device) > 0 &&
-                        mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(TunerManager.getPortAddress(device)))
-                    {
-                        return readSerialNumber(device);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, true);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.exit(context);
-        }
-
-        throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + mBus + "] port [" + mPortAddress + "]");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reads the serial number from the device's USB serial string, formatted as: HYDRASDR SN:0123456789ABCDEF
-     * @param device to read
-     * @return serial number
-     * @throws SourceException if the device can't be opened or the serial string isn't valid.
-     */
-    private static long readSerialNumber(Device device) throws SourceException
-    {
-        DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-        int status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't obtain tuner's device descriptor - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
-        status = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
-
-        if(status == LibUsb.ERROR_ACCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Access to USB tuner denied - (windows) reinstall zadig driver or (linux) blacklist driver and/or check udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("access denied - if using linux, blacklist the default driver and/or install udev rules");
-        }
-        else if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - reinstall driver? - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
-
-        String serial;
-
-        try
-        {
-            serial = LibUsb.getStringDescriptor(handle, descriptor.iSerialNumber());
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.close(handle);
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            return Long.parseUnsignedLong(serial.substring(serial.lastIndexOf(':') + 1), 16);
+            return Long.parseUnsignedLong(serial.substring(serial.lastIndexOf(':') + 1).trim(), 16);
         }
         catch(NullPointerException | NumberFormatException e)
         {

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/limesdr/LimeSdrDeviceInformation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr;
+
+/**
+ * LimeSDR device details for display.
+ * @param serial board serial number, 16 hex digits
+ * @param board name, such as LimeSDR-USB or LimeSDR-Mini
+ * @param firmware version
+ * @param hardware version
+ * @param gateware (FPGA) version
+ * @param connection USB link, such as USB3.0
+ * @param library version of LimeSuiteNG
+ */
+public record LimeSdrDeviceInformation(String serial, String board, String firmware, String hardware, String gateware,
+                                       String connection, String library)
+{
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/limesdr/LimeSdrSampleRate.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * LimeSDR sample rates offered to the user.  The LMS7002M supports any rate in its range, so these are rates that divide
+ * evenly into polyphase channelizer channels.
+ */
+public enum LimeSdrSampleRate
+{
+    RATE_1_25(1_250_000, "1.25 MHz"),
+    RATE_2_5(2_500_000, "2.50 MHz"),
+    RATE_5_0(5_000_000, "5.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_7_5(7_500_000, "7.50 MHz"),
+    RATE_10_0(10_000_000, "10.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_12_5(12_500_000, "12.50 MHz"),
+    RATE_15_0(15_000_000, "15.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_20_0(20_000_000, "20.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_25_0(25_000_000, "25.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_30_0(30_000_000, "30.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_30_72(30_720_000, "30.72 MHz"),
+    RATE_40_0(40_000_000, "40.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_50_0(50_000_000, "50.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_60_0(60_000_000, "60.00 MHz"),
+    RATE_61_44(61_440_000, "61.44 MHz");
+
+    public static final LimeSdrSampleRate DEFAULT = RATE_10_0;
+    private final int mRate;
+    private final String mLabel;
+
+    LimeSdrSampleRate(int rate, String label)
+    {
+        mRate = rate;
+        mLabel = label;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sample rate in Hertz
+     */
+    public int getRate()
+    {
+        return mRate;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString()
+    {
+        return mLabel;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sample rates within the device range, which is the lower of what the board and its USB connection support.
+     * @param minimumRate in Hertz
+     * @param maximumRate in Hertz
+     * @return rates, lowest to highest
+     */
+    public static List<LimeSdrSampleRate> getRates(double minimumRate, double maximumRate)
+    {
+        List<LimeSdrSampleRate> rates = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for(LimeSdrSampleRate rate : values())
+        {
+            if(rate.getRate() >= minimumRate && rate.getRate() <= maximumRate)
+            {
+                rates.add(rate);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return rates;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the highest rate from the list that doesn't exceed the requested rate.
+     * @param rates to search, lowest to highest
+     * @param requested rate in Hertz
+     * @return closest rate, or the lowest rate when the requested rate is below all of them.
+     */
+    public static LimeSdrSampleRate getClosest(List<LimeSdrSampleRate> rates, int requested)
+    {
+        LimeSdrSampleRate closest = rates.getFirst();
+
+        for(LimeSdrSampleRate rate : rates)
+        {
+            if(rate.getRate() <= requested)
+            {
+                closest = rate;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return closest;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/limesdr/LimeSdrTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.preference.source.ChannelizerType;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ITunerErrorListener;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.Tuner;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerClass;
+
+/**
+ * LimeSDR tuner
+ */
+public class LimeSdrTuner extends Tuner
+{
+    //The USB link carries 12-bit I and Q samples, packed into 3 bytes
+    private static final int LINK_BITS_PER_SAMPLE = 24;
+    private static final double SAMPLE_SIZE_12_BIT = 12.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance
+     * @param controller for the LimeSDR
+     * @param tunerErrorListener to listen for errors from this tuner
+     * @param channelizerType for the channelizer
+     */
+    public LimeSdrTuner(LimeSdrTunerController controller, ITunerErrorListener tunerErrorListener,
+                        ChannelizerType channelizerType)
+    {
+        super(controller, tunerErrorListener, channelizerType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * LimeSDR tuner controller
+     */
+    public LimeSdrTunerController getController()
+    {
+        return (LimeSdrTunerController)getTunerController();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getPreferredName()
+    {
+        LimeSdrDeviceInformation info = getController().getDeviceInfo();
+        return (info != null ? info.board() : "LimeSDR") + " " + getUniqueID();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getUniqueID()
+    {
+        return getController().getDeviceInfo().serial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TunerClass getTunerClass()
+    {
+        return TunerClass.LIMESDR;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getSampleSize()
+    {
+        return SAMPLE_SIZE_12_BIT;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getMaximumUSBBitsPerSecond()
+    {
+        return LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_61_44.getRate() * LINK_BITS_PER_SAMPLE;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/limesdr/LimeSdrTunerConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * LimeSDR tuner configuration
+ */
+public class LimeSdrTunerConfiguration extends TunerConfiguration
+{
+    private int mSampleRate = LimeSdrSampleRate.DEFAULT.getRate();
+    private int mGain = LimeSdrTunerController.GAIN_DEFAULT;
+    private String mAntenna = LimeSdrTunerController.ANTENNA_DEFAULT;
+
+    /**
+     * Default constructor for Jackson
+     */
+    public LimeSdrTunerConfiguration()
+    {
+        super(LimeSdrTunerController.MINIMUM_TUNABLE_FREQUENCY_HZ, LimeSdrTunerController.MAXIMUM_TUNABLE_FREQUENCY_HZ);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance
+     * @param uniqueID for the tuner
+     */
+    public LimeSdrTunerConfiguration(String uniqueID)
+    {
+        super(uniqueID);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "type", namespace = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance")
+    public TunerType getTunerType()
+    {
+        return TunerType.LIMESDR;
+    }
+
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "sample_rate")
+    public int getSampleRate()
+    {
+        return mSampleRate;
+    }
+
+    public void setSampleRate(int sampleRate)
+    {
+        mSampleRate = sampleRate;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combined receive gain in dB, 0 to 73.
+     */
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "gain")
+    public int getGain()
+    {
+        return mGain;
+    }
+
+    public void setGain(int gain)
+    {
+        mGain = gain;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receive antenna port name, such as LNAW.
+     */
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "antenna")
+    public String getAntenna()
+    {
+        return mAntenna;
+    }
+
+    public void setAntenna(String antenna)
+    {
+        mAntenna = antenna;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/limesdr/LimeSdrTunerEditor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.preference.UserPreferences;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.DiscoveredTuner;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerStatus;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ui.TunerEditor;
+import java.io.Serial;
+import java.util.List;
+import net.miginfocom.swing.MigLayout;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.swing.DefaultComboBoxModel;
+import javax.swing.JButton;
+import javax.swing.JComboBox;
+import javax.swing.JLabel;
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import javax.swing.JSeparator;
+import javax.swing.JSlider;
+import javax.swing.SpinnerNumberModel;
+
+/**
+ * LimeSDR tuner editor
+ */
+public class LimeSdrTunerEditor extends TunerEditor<LimeSdrTuner, LimeSdrTunerConfiguration>
+{
+    @Serial
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    private static final Logger mLog = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LimeSdrTunerEditor.class);
+    private JButton mTunerInfoButton;
+    private JComboBox<LimeSdrSampleRate> mSampleRateCombo;
+    private JComboBox<String> mAntennaCombo;
+    private JSlider mGainSlider;
+    private JLabel mGainValueLabel;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance
+     * @param userPreferences for wide-band recordings
+     * @param tunerManager for saving tuner configuration
+     * @param discoveredTuner for the optionally usable LimeSDR tuner and controller
+     */
+    public LimeSdrTunerEditor(UserPreferences userPreferences, TunerManager tunerManager, DiscoveredTuner discoveredTuner)
+    {
+        super(userPreferences, tunerManager, discoveredTuner);
+        init();
+        tunerStatusUpdated();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getMinimumTunableFrequency()
+    {
+        return hasTuner() ? getTuner().getController().getMinimumTunableFrequency() :
+                LimeSdrTunerController.MINIMUM_TUNABLE_FREQUENCY_HZ;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getMaximumTunableFrequency()
+    {
+        return hasTuner() ? getTuner().getController().getMaximumTunableFrequency() :
+                LimeSdrTunerController.MAXIMUM_TUNABLE_FREQUENCY_HZ;
+    }
+
+    private void init()
+    {
+        setLayout(new MigLayout("fill,wrap 3", "[right][grow,fill][fill]", "[][][][][][][][][][][grow]"));
+
+        add(new JLabel("Tuner:"));
+        add(getTunerIdLabel());
+        add(getTunerInfoButton());
+
+        add(new JLabel("Status:"));
+        add(getTunerStatusLabel(), "wrap");
+
+        add(getButtonPanel(), "span,align left");
+
+        add(new JSeparator(), "span,growx");
+
+        add(new JLabel("Frequency (MHz):"));
+        add(getFrequencyPanel(), "wrap");
+
+        add(new JLabel("Sample Rate:"));
+        add(getSampleRateCombo(), "wrap");
+
+        add(new JLabel("Antenna:"));
+        add(getAntennaCombo(), "wrap");
+
+        add(new JSeparator(), "span,growx");
+
+        add(new JLabel("Gain:"));
+        add(getGainSlider());
+        add(getGainValueLabel());
+
+        //Empty row that takes all extra vertical space so that the controls stay stacked at the top of the editor.
+        add(new JLabel(), "span,pushy");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tunerStatusUpdated()
+    {
+        setLoading(true);
+
+        boolean started = hasStartedTuner();
+        getTunerIdLabel().setText(started ? getTuner().getPreferredName() : getDiscoveredTuner().getId());
+
+        String status = getDiscoveredTuner().getTunerStatus().toString();
+        if(getDiscoveredTuner().hasErrorMessage())
+        {
+            status += " - " + getDiscoveredTuner().getErrorMessage();
+        }
+        getTunerStatusLabel().setText(status);
+        getButtonPanel().updateControls();
+        getFrequencyPanel().updateControls();
+        getTunerInfoButton().setEnabled(started);
+
+        if(started)
+        {
+            LimeSdrTunerController controller = getTuner().getController();
+            List<LimeSdrSampleRate> rates = controller.getSampleRates();
+            getSampleRateCombo().setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<>(rates.toArray(new LimeSdrSampleRate[0])));
+            getSampleRateCombo().setSelectedItem(controller.getLimeSdrSampleRate());
+            getSampleRateCombo().setEnabled(!controller.isLockedSampleRate());
+
+            List<String> antennas = controller.getAntennas();
+            getAntennaCombo().setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<>(antennas.toArray(new String[0])));
+            getAntennaCombo().setSelectedItem(controller.getAntenna());
+            getAntennaCombo().setEnabled(true);
+
+            getGainSlider().setValue(controller.getGain());
+            getGainSlider().setEnabled(true);
+            getGainValueLabel().setEnabled(true);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            getSampleRateCombo().setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<>());
+            getSampleRateCombo().setEnabled(false);
+            getAntennaCombo().setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<>());
+            getAntennaCombo().setEnabled(false);
+            getGainSlider().setEnabled(false);
+            getGainValueLabel().setEnabled(false);
+        }
+
+        updateGainLabel();
+        setLoading(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the tuner has finished starting, since a status update can arrive while it's starting or restarting.
+     */
+    private boolean hasStartedTuner()
+    {
+        return hasTuner() && getTuner().getController().getAntenna() != null;
+    }
+
+    private void updateGainLabel()
+    {
+        getGainValueLabel().setText(getGainSlider().getValue() + " dB");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Button that provides tuner information
+     */
+    private JButton getTunerInfoButton()
+    {
+        if(mTunerInfoButton == null)
+        {
+            mTunerInfoButton = new JButton("Info");
+            mTunerInfoButton.setEnabled(false);
+            mTunerInfoButton.addActionListener(_ -> JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(LimeSdrTunerEditor.this,
+                    getTunerInfo(), "Tuner Info", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE));
+        }
+
+        return mTunerInfoButton;
+    }
+
+    private JComboBox<LimeSdrSampleRate> getSampleRateCombo()
+    {
+        if(mSampleRateCombo == null)
+        {
+            mSampleRateCombo = new JComboBox<>();
+            mSampleRateCombo.setEnabled(false);
+            mSampleRateCombo.addActionListener(_ ->
+            {
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    LimeSdrSampleRate rate = (LimeSdrSampleRate)mSampleRateCombo.getSelectedItem();
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getTuner().getController().setSampleRate(rate);
+
+                        //Adjust the min/max values for the sample rate.
+                        adjustForSampleRate(rate.getRate());
+
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(Exception e1)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Error setting LimeSDR sample rate", e1);
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(LimeSdrTunerEditor.this, "Couldn't set sample rate to " + rate);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mSampleRateCombo;
+    }
+
+    private JComboBox<String> getAntennaCombo()
+    {
+        if(mAntennaCombo == null)
+        {
+            mAntennaCombo = new JComboBox<>();
+            mAntennaCombo.setEnabled(false);
+            mAntennaCombo.setToolTipText("Receive port: LNAW wideband (default), LNAL low band, LNAH high band");
+            mAntennaCombo.addActionListener(_ ->
+            {
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    String antenna = (String)mAntennaCombo.getSelectedItem();
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getTuner().getController().setAntenna(antenna);
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(Exception e1)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Error setting LimeSDR antenna", e1);
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(mAntennaCombo, "Couldn't set antenna to " + antenna);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mAntennaCombo;
+    }
+
+    private JSlider getGainSlider()
+    {
+        if(mGainSlider == null)
+        {
+            mGainSlider = new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, LimeSdrTunerController.GAIN_MINIMUM,
+                    LimeSdrTunerController.GAIN_MAXIMUM, LimeSdrTunerController.GAIN_DEFAULT);
+            mGainSlider.setEnabled(false);
+            mGainSlider.setMajorTickSpacing(5);
+            mGainSlider.setPaintTicks(true);
+            mGainSlider.addChangeListener(_ ->
+            {
+                int gain = mGainSlider.getValue();
+
+                if(hasTuner() && !isLoading())
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        getTuner().getController().setGain(gain);
+                        save();
+                    }
+                    catch(Exception e)
+                    {
+                        mLog.error("Couldn't set LimeSDR gain to:" + gain, e);
+                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(mGainSlider, "Couldn't set gain value to " + gain);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                updateGainLabel();
+            });
+        }
+
+        return mGainSlider;
+    }
+
+    private JLabel getGainValueLabel()
+    {
+        if(mGainValueLabel == null)
+        {
+            mGainValueLabel = new JLabel("0 dB");
+            mGainValueLabel.setEnabled(false);
+        }
+
+        return mGainValueLabel;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void save()
+    {
+        if(hasConfiguration() && !isLoading())
+        {
+            getConfiguration().setFrequency(getFrequencyControl().getFrequency());
+            getConfiguration().setMinimumFrequency(getMinimumFrequencyTextField().getFrequency());
+            getConfiguration().setMaximumFrequency(getMaximumFrequencyTextField().getFrequency());
+            double value = ((SpinnerNumberModel)getFrequencyCorrectionSpinner().getModel()).getNumber().doubleValue();
+            getConfiguration().setFrequencyCorrection(value);
+            getConfiguration().setAutoPPMCorrectionEnabled(getAutoPPMCheckBox().isSelected());
+
+            if(getSampleRateCombo().getSelectedItem() instanceof LimeSdrSampleRate rate)
+            {
+                getConfiguration().setSampleRate(rate.getRate());
+            }
+
+            if(getAntennaCombo().getSelectedItem() instanceof String antenna)
+            {
+                getConfiguration().setAntenna(antenna);
+            }
+
+            getConfiguration().setGain(getGainSlider().getValue());
+            saveConfiguration();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setTunerLockState(boolean locked)
+    {
+        getFrequencyPanel().updateControls();
+        getSampleRateCombo().setEnabled(!locked);
+        getSampleRateCombo().setToolTipText(locked ? "Sample Rate is locked.  Disable decoding channels to unlock." :
+                "Select a sample rate for the tuner");
+    }
+
+    private String getTunerInfo()
+    {
+        if(getDiscoveredTuner().getTunerStatus() == TunerStatus.ERROR)
+        {
+            return getDiscoveredTuner().getErrorMessage();
+        }
+
+        if(hasTuner())
+        {
+            LimeSdrDeviceInformation info = getTuner().getController().getDeviceInfo();
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("<html><h3>LimeSDR Tuner</h3>");
+            sb.append("<b>Board: </b>").append(info.board()).append("<br>");
+            sb.append("<b>Serial: </b>").append(info.serial()).append("<br>");
+            sb.append("<b>Hardware: </b>").append(info.hardware()).append("<br>");
+            sb.append("<b>Firmware: </b>").append(info.firmware()).append("<br>");
+            sb.append("<b>Gateware: </b>").append(info.gateware()).append("<br>");
+            sb.append("<b>Connection: </b>").append(info.connection()).append("<br>");
+            sb.append("<b>LimeSuiteNG: </b>").append(info.library()).append("<br>");
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/manager/TunerManager.java

@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@
 package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager;
 
 import io.github.dsheirer.gui.preference.tuner.RspDuoSelectionMode;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.LibUsb;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbContext;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceInfo;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbException;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbHotplug;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbHotplugListener;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbLogLevel;
 import io.github.dsheirer.preference.UserPreferences;
 import io.github.dsheirer.preference.source.ChannelizerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.sdrplay.DeviceInfo;
@@ -45,22 +52,13 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.sdrplay.DiscoveredRspTuner;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.sdrplay.rspDuo.DiscoveredRspDuoTuner1;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.ui.DiscoveredTunerModel;
 import io.github.dsheirer.util.ThreadPool;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.HotplugCallback;
-import org.usb4java.HotplugCallbackHandle;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * Tuner manager provides access to tuners using USB, recording, sound-card and system-daemon accessible devices. This
@@ -73,9 +71,12 @@ public class TunerManager implements IDiscoveredTunerStatusListener
     private final UserPreferences mUserPreferences;
     private final DiscoveredTunerModel mDiscoveredTunerModel;
     private final TunerConfigurationManager mTunerConfigurationManager;
+    /**
+     * libusb error code for an unspecified error (LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER)
+     */
+    private static final int LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER = -99;
     private final HotplugEventSupport mHotplugEventSupport = new HotplugEventSupport();
-    private final Context mLibUsbApplicationContext = new Context();
-    private boolean mLibUsbInitialized = false;
+    private boolean mLibUsbAvailable = false;
     private SDRplay mSDRplay;
 
     /**
@@ -112,60 +113,26 @@ public class TunerManager implements IDiscoveredTunerStatusListener
     {
         mLog.info("Discovering tuners ...");
 
-        boolean libUsbAvailable = false;
-
         try
         {
-            int api = LibUsb.getApiVersion();
-            libUsbAvailable = true;
-            mLog.info("LibUsb API Version: " + ((api >> 24) & 0xFF) + "." + ((api >> 16) & 0xFF) + "." + (api & 0xFFFF));
-            mLog.info("LibUsb Version: " + LibUsb.getVersion());
+            //Loads the libusb library that jlibusb bundles, which the USB tuner libraries share
+            mLog.info("LibUsb Version: " + LibUsb.version() + " - hotplug detection: " +
+                    (LibUsb.hasHotplug() ? "native" : "polling"));
+            mLibUsbAvailable = true;
         }
-        catch(Exception e)
+        catch(LinkageError | RuntimeException e)
         {
-            final String os = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
-            final String version = System.getProperty("os.version");
-
-            //Special handling for MacOS Tahoe version 26 issue with LibUsb.
-            if(os != null && os.startsWith("macos") && version != null && version.startsWith("26"))
-            {
-                mLog.warn("Unable to load libusb library for communication with USB tuner(s)");
-                mLog.warn("Mac OS Tahoe [" + os + "] version [" + version + "] detected.  There is an issue");
-                mLog.warn("with libusb for this OS version.  You might consider manually installing the latest");
-                mLog.warn("version of the libusb library.  In a terminal window type:");
-                mLog.warn("");
-                mLog.warn("\t\tbrew install libusb --HEAD");
-                mLog.warn("");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                mLog.error("Error while loading libusb for os [" + os + "] version [" + version + "]", e);
-            }
+            String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
+            String version = System.getProperty("os.version");
+            mLog.error("Unable to load the libusb library for communication with USB tuner(s) on os [" + os +
+                    "] version [" + version + "].  To use a different libusb build, start sdrtrunk with " +
+                    "-Djlibusb.library.path=<directory containing libusb>", e);
         }
 
-        if(libUsbAvailable)
+        if(mLibUsbAvailable)
         {
-            try
-            {
-                int status = LibUsb.init(mLibUsbApplicationContext);
-
-                if(status == LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    mLibUsbInitialized = true;
-                    //            LibUsb.setOption(mLibUsbApplicationContext, LibUsb.OPTION_LOG_LEVEL, LibUsb.LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG);
-                    discoverUSBTuners();
-                }
-            }
-            catch(Exception e)
-            {
-                mLog.error("Error initializing LibUsb and usb4java library", e);
-            }
-
-            if(mLibUsbInitialized)
-            {
-                mHotplugEventSupport.start();
-            }
-
+            discoverUSBTuners();
+            mHotplugEventSupport.start();
             discoverSdrPlayTuners();
         }
 
@@ -177,19 +144,14 @@ public class TunerManager implements IDiscoveredTunerStatusListener
      */
     public void stop()
     {
+        //Stop hotplug detection first so that no tuner is added or removed while the tuners are released
+        mHotplugEventSupport.stop();
+
         //Stop all tuners
         mDiscoveredTunerModel.releaseDiscoveredTuners();
 
         //Shutdown SDRplay API instance
         closeSDRplay();
-
-        //Shutdown LibUsb
-        if(mLibUsbInitialized)
-        {
-            mHotplugEventSupport.stop();
-            LibUsb.exit(mLibUsbApplicationContext);
-            mLibUsbInitialized = false;
-        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -205,101 +167,123 @@ public class TunerManager implements IDiscoveredTunerStatusListener
      */
     private void discoverUSBTuners()
     {
-        if(mLibUsbInitialized)
+        List<DiscoveredUSBTuner> discoveredUSBTuners = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try(UsbContext usb = UsbContext.create())
         {
-            List<DiscoveredUSBTuner> discoveredUSBTuners = new ArrayList<>();
+            List<UsbDeviceInfo> devices = getDeviceList(usb);
 
-            try
+            if(devices != null)
             {
-                DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-                int deviceCount = LibUsb.getDeviceList(mLibUsbApplicationContext, deviceList);
+                mLog.info("LibUsb - discovered [" + devices.size() + "] potential usb devices");
 
-                if(deviceCount >= 0)
+                for(UsbDeviceInfo device: devices)
                 {
-                    mLog.info("LibUsb - discovered [" + deviceCount + "] potential usb devices");
+                    DiscoveredUSBTuner discoveredUSBTuner = createDiscoveredTuner(device);
 
-                    for(Device device: deviceList)
+                    if(discoveredUSBTuner != null)
                     {
-                        int bus = LibUsb.getBusNumber(device);
-                        int port = LibUsb.getPortNumber(device);
-
-                        if(port > 0)
-                        {
-                            DeviceDescriptor deviceDescriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-                            int status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, deviceDescriptor);
-
-                            if(status == LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-                            {
-                                TunerClass tunerClass = TunerClass.lookup(deviceDescriptor.idVendor(),
-                                        deviceDescriptor.idProduct());
-
-                                String portAddress = getPortAddress(device);
-
-                                if(tunerClass.isSupportedUsbTuner())
-                                {
-                                    mLog.info("Discovered tuner at USB Bus [" + bus + "] Port [" + portAddress +
-                                            "] Tuner Class [" + tunerClass + "]");
-                                    ChannelizerType channelizerType = mUserPreferences.getTunerPreference().getChannelizerType();
-                                    DiscoveredUSBTuner discoveredUSBTuner = new DiscoveredUSBTuner(tunerClass, bus,
-                                            portAddress, channelizerType);
-                                    discoveredUSBTuners.add(discoveredUSBTuner);
-                                }
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                mLog.error("LibUsb - unable to get device descriptor for device on bus [" + bus +
-                                        "] port [" + port + "] - status [" + status + "] - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        //Unref the device - it will be rediscovered under the device context when it is started
-                        LibUsb.unrefDevice(device);
-                    }
-
-                    LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, false);
-                }
-                //If the get device list operation generated error -99, turn on warning logging and try device list
-                // again to see what's causing it.
-                else if(deviceCount == LibUsb.ERROR_OTHER)
-                {
-                    try
-                    {
-                        mLog.info("LibUsb reported error -99 during get device list - increasing logging level and retrying");
-                        LibUsb.setOption(mLibUsbApplicationContext, LibUsb.OPTION_LOG_LEVEL, LibUsb.LOG_LEVEL_WARNING);
-                        deviceCount = LibUsb.getDeviceList(mLibUsbApplicationContext, deviceList);
-                        if(deviceCount >=0)
-                        {
-                            mLog.info("LibUsb - get device list count [" + deviceCount + "] during retry");
-                            LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, false);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            mLog.info("LibUsb - get device list reported error [" + deviceCount + "/" +
-                                    LibUsb.errorName(deviceCount) + "] during retry");
-                        }
-                        LibUsb.setOption(mLibUsbApplicationContext, LibUsb.OPTION_LOG_LEVEL, LibUsb.LOG_LEVEL_NONE);
-                        mLog.info("LibUse - get device list reattempt complete - if additional logging was generated please notify developer");
-                    }
-                    catch(Exception e)
-                    {
-                        mLog.info("LibUsb error during get device list reattempt", e);
+                        mLog.info("Discovered tuner at USB Bus [" + discoveredUSBTuner.getBus() + "] Port [" +
+                                discoveredUSBTuner.getPortAddress() + "] Tuner Class [" +
+                                discoveredUSBTuner.getTunerClass() + "]");
+                        discoveredUSBTuners.add(discoveredUSBTuner);
                     }
                 }
-                else
-                {
-                    mLog.error("LibUsb - error [" + deviceCount + "/" + LibUsb.errorName(deviceCount) + "] during get device list");
-                }
-            }
-            catch(Exception e)
-            {
-                mLog.error("LibUsb - error during USB device discovery", e);
-            }
-
-            for(DiscoveredUSBTuner discoveredUSBTuner: discoveredUSBTuners)
-            {
-                addUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner);
             }
         }
+        catch(UsbException | RuntimeException e)
+        {
+            mLog.error("LibUsb - error during USB device discovery", e);
+        }
+
+        for(DiscoveredUSBTuner discoveredUSBTuner: discoveredUSBTuners)
+        {
+            addUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lists the USB devices.  If listing fails with error -99, retries once with libusb warning logging turned on so
+     * that the log shows what caused it.
+     * @param usb context to list devices from
+     * @return devices, or null if they couldn't be listed
+     */
+    private List<UsbDeviceInfo> getDeviceList(UsbContext usb)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return usb.devices();
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            if(e.code() != LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER)
+            {
+                mLog.error("LibUsb - error during get device list - " + e.getMessage());
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            mLog.info("LibUsb reported error -99 during get device list - increasing logging level and retrying");
+            usb.setLogLevel(UsbLogLevel.WARNING);
+            List<UsbDeviceInfo> devices = usb.devices();
+            mLog.info("LibUsb - get device list count [" + devices.size() + "] during retry");
+            return devices;
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            mLog.info("LibUsb - get device list reported error during retry - " + e.getMessage());
+            return null;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                usb.setLogLevel(UsbLogLevel.NONE);
+            }
+            catch(UsbException e)
+            {
+                //Logging level only - nothing else to do
+            }
+
+            mLog.info("LibUsb - get device list reattempt complete - if additional logging was generated please notify developer");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the USB tuner class of a device.
+     * @param device to identify
+     * @return tuner class, or null for a root hub or a device that isn't a supported tuner
+     */
+    private static TunerClass getSupportedTunerClass(UsbDeviceInfo device)
+    {
+        //A root hub has no port numbers
+        if(device.portNumbers().isEmpty())
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        TunerClass tunerClass = TunerClass.lookup((short)device.vendorId(), (short)device.productId());
+        return tunerClass.isSupportedUsbTuner() ? tunerClass : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a discovered tuner for a USB device.
+     * @param device to create a tuner for
+     * @return discovered tuner, or null if the device isn't a supported tuner
+     */
+    private DiscoveredUSBTuner createDiscoveredTuner(UsbDeviceInfo device)
+    {
+        TunerClass tunerClass = getSupportedTunerClass(device);
+
+        if(tunerClass == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        ChannelizerType channelizerType = mUserPreferences.getTunerPreference().getChannelizerType();
+        return new DiscoveredUSBTuner(tunerClass, device.busNumber(), UsbPortAddress.of(device), channelizerType);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -680,161 +664,104 @@ public class TunerManager implements IDiscoveredTunerStatusListener
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates a dotted-notation string representing the port numbers for the device from the root hub through any
-     * intermediate hubs.
-     * @param device to inspect
-     * @return formatted address
-     */
-    public static String getPortAddress(Device device)
-    {
-        ByteBuffer portNumberArray = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(7);  //7 ports maximum.
-        int portCount = LibUsb.getPortNumbers(device, portNumberArray);
-        portNumberArray.rewind();
-
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
-        for(int x = 0; x < portCount; x++)
-        {
-            if(x > 0)
-            {
-                sb.append(".");
-            }
-
-            sb.append(portNumberArray.get());
-        }
-
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * USB hotplug event listener to register, unregister and detect when USB devices are added or removed.
+     * USB hotplug support to detect when USB tuners are added or removed.  jlibusb reports changes as they happen
+     * where libusb supports hotplug (Linux and macOS) and polls the USB device list elsewhere (Windows).
      *
-     * Note: hotplug is not supported on all platforms.
+     * Tuners already connected when detection starts are reported as arrivals too.  Those were added during discovery
+     * at startup and are ignored here because the tuner model already has a tuner at that bus and port.
      */
-    public class HotplugEventSupport implements HotplugCallback
+    public class HotplugEventSupport implements UsbHotplugListener
     {
-        private static final int HOTPLUG_CONTINUE_EVENT_SUPPORT = 0;
-        private HotplugCallbackHandle mHotplugCallbackHandle;
-        private ScheduledFuture<?> mEventProcessorFuture;
+        private UsbHotplug mUsbHotplug;
 
         /**
-         * LibUsb hotplug event notification
-         * @param context used for hotplug event registration
-         * @param device that arrived or left
-         * @param event value, arrived event or left event
-         * @param userData not used
-         * @return
-         */
-        @Override
-        public int processEvent(Context context, Device device, int event, Object userData)
-        {
-            int bus = LibUsb.getBusNumber(device);
-            int port = LibUsb.getPortNumber(device);
-
-            if(port > 0)
-            {
-                String portAddress = getPortAddress(device);
-
-                switch(event)
-                {
-                    case LibUsb.HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED:
-                        DeviceDescriptor deviceDescriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
-                        int status = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, deviceDescriptor);
-
-                        if(status == LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-                        {
-                            TunerClass tunerClass = TunerClass.lookup(deviceDescriptor.idVendor(), deviceDescriptor.idProduct());
-
-                            if(tunerClass.isSupportedUsbTuner())
-                            {
-                                mLog.info("Tuner plug-in detected at USB Bus [" + bus + "] Port [" + port +
-                                        "] Tuner Class [" + tunerClass + "]");
-                                ChannelizerType channelizerType = mUserPreferences.getTunerPreference().getChannelizerType();
-                                DiscoveredUSBTuner discoveredUSBTuner = new DiscoveredUSBTuner(tunerClass, bus,
-                                        portAddress, channelizerType);
-
-                                if(tunerClass.isFuncubeTuner())
-                                {
-                                    //Funcube tuners take a few moments to init the sound card interface.  Delay adding
-                                    //the tuner so that it can be started correctly.
-                                    ThreadPool.SCHEDULED.schedule(() ->
-                                    {
-                                        addUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner);
-                                    }, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-                                }
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    addUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case LibUsb.HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_LEFT:
-                        DiscoveredTuner removed = removeUsbTuner(bus, portAddress);
-
-                        if(removed != null)
-                        {
-                            mLog.info("Tuner Unplugged: " + removed.getId());
-                        }
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return HOTPLUG_CONTINUE_EVENT_SUPPORT;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Registers for hotplug event notifications, if the capability is supported on this platform and starts an
-         * event processing timer to process hotplug events.
+         * Starts hotplug detection of supported USB tuners.
          */
         public void start()
         {
-            if(LibUsb.hasCapability(LibUsb.CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG))
+            try
             {
-                mHotplugCallbackHandle = new HotplugCallbackHandle();
-                int events = LibUsb.HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED | LibUsb.HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_LEFT;
-                int flags = LibUsb.HOTPLUG_ENUMERATE;
-                int vendorId = LibUsb.HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY;
-                int productId = LibUsb.HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY;
-                int deviceClass = LibUsb.HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY;
-
-                mLog.info("LibUsb - starting HotPlug detection");
-                int status = LibUsb.hotplugRegisterCallback(mLibUsbApplicationContext, events, flags, vendorId,
-                        productId, deviceClass, this, "sdrtrunk hotplug support", mHotplugCallbackHandle);
-
-                if(status == LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    Runnable eventHandler = () -> LibUsb.handleEvents(mLibUsbApplicationContext);
-                    mEventProcessorFuture = ThreadPool.SCHEDULED.scheduleAtFixedRate(eventHandler,
-                            0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    mHotplugCallbackHandle = null;
-                    mLog.info("LibUsb - unable to register device hotplug listener - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-                }
+                mUsbHotplug = UsbHotplug.start(device -> getSupportedTunerClass(device) != null, this);
+                mLog.info("LibUsb - started USB hotplug detection (" +
+                        (mUsbHotplug.mode() == UsbHotplug.Mode.NATIVE ? "native" : "polling") + ")");
             }
-            else
+            catch(UsbException | RuntimeException e)
             {
-                mLog.info("LibUsb Hotplug event notification Is Not Supported on this platform.");
+                mLog.error("LibUsb - unable to start USB hotplug detection", e);
+                mUsbHotplug = null;
             }
         }
 
         /**
-         * Unregisters from hotplug event notifications and stops the event processing timer
+         * Stops hotplug detection.  Waits for an arrival or removal that is being processed to finish.
          */
         public void stop()
         {
-            if(mHotplugCallbackHandle != null)
+            if(mUsbHotplug != null)
             {
-                LibUsb.hotplugDeregisterCallback(mLibUsbApplicationContext, mHotplugCallbackHandle);
-                mHotplugCallbackHandle = null;
+                mUsbHotplug.close();
+                mUsbHotplug = null;
             }
+        }
 
-            if(mEventProcessorFuture != null)
+        /**
+         * A supported USB tuner was connected.  Called on the jlibusb hotplug dispatch thread.
+         * @param device that arrived
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void arrived(UsbDeviceInfo device)
+        {
+            try
             {
-                mEventProcessorFuture.cancel(true);
-                mEventProcessorFuture = null;
+                DiscoveredUSBTuner discoveredUSBTuner = createDiscoveredTuner(device);
+
+                if(discoveredUSBTuner == null ||
+                   mDiscoveredTunerModel.hasUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner.getBus(), discoveredUSBTuner.getPortAddress()))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                mLog.info("Tuner plug-in detected at USB Bus [" + discoveredUSBTuner.getBus() + "] Port [" +
+                        discoveredUSBTuner.getPortAddress() + "] Tuner Class [" + discoveredUSBTuner.getTunerClass() + "]");
+
+                if(discoveredUSBTuner.getTunerClass().isFuncubeTuner())
+                {
+                    //Funcube tuners take a few moments to init the sound card interface.  Delay adding
+                    //the tuner so that it can be started correctly.
+                    ThreadPool.SCHEDULED.schedule(() -> addUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner), 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    addUsbTuner(discoveredUSBTuner);
+                }
+            }
+            catch(Exception e)
+            {
+                mLog.error("Error adding USB tuner after plug-in at USB Bus [" + device.busNumber() + "] Port [" +
+                        UsbPortAddress.of(device) + "]", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * A supported USB tuner was disconnected.  Called on the jlibusb hotplug dispatch thread.
+         * @param device that left
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void left(UsbDeviceInfo device)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                DiscoveredTuner removed = removeUsbTuner(device.busNumber(), UsbPortAddress.of(device));
+
+                if(removed != null)
+                {
+                    mLog.info("Tuner Unplugged: " + removed.getId());
+                }
+            }
+            catch(Exception e)
+            {
+                mLog.error("Error removing USB tuner after unplug at USB Bus [" + device.busNumber() + "] Port [" +
+                        UsbPortAddress.of(device) + "]", e);
             }
         }
     }

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/manager/UsbDeviceLookup.java

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.LibUsb;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbContext;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceHandle;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceInfo;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbException;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.SourceException;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Finds the USB device at a tuner's bus and port address and reads its USB identity through jlibusb.
+ *
+ * The tuner libraries open a device by serial number or by index rather than by bus and port, so a tuner controller
+ * uses this to identify the device that the tuner manager discovered at a bus and port before handing it to its
+ * library.  Devices are closed again before returning so that the library can open them.
+ */
+public final class UsbDeviceLookup
+{
+    private static final Logger mLog = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UsbDeviceLookup.class);
+
+    /**
+     * libusb error code when the user doesn't have permission to open the device (LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS)
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_ACCESS = -3;
+
+    /**
+     * libusb error code when another program or driver has claimed the interface (LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY)
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_BUSY = -6;
+
+    private UsbDeviceLookup()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a libusb context.  Close it when done.
+     * @throws SourceException if libusb can't be initialized
+     */
+    public static UsbContext createContext() throws SourceException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return UsbContext.create();
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(e.code()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lists the USB devices, in libusb device list order.
+     * @param usb context
+     * @throws SourceException if the device list isn't available
+     */
+    public static List<UsbDeviceInfo> devices(UsbContext usb) throws SourceException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return usb.devices();
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(e.code()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the device is at the bus and port address.
+     * @param device to test
+     * @param bus number
+     * @param portAddress in dotted notation, such as 2.3
+     */
+    public static boolean isAt(UsbDeviceInfo device, int bus, String portAddress)
+    {
+        return device.busNumber() == bus && !device.portNumbers().isEmpty() && portAddress != null &&
+                portAddress.equals(UsbPortAddress.of(device));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the device at the bus and port address.
+     * @param usb context
+     * @param bus number
+     * @param portAddress in dotted notation, such as 2.3
+     * @throws SourceException if no device is at that bus and port
+     */
+    public static UsbDeviceInfo find(UsbContext usb, int bus, String portAddress) throws SourceException
+    {
+        for(UsbDeviceInfo device: devices(usb))
+        {
+            if(isAt(device, bus, portAddress))
+            {
+                return device;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + bus + "] port [" + portAddress + "]");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the device at the bus and port address.
+     * @param bus number
+     * @param portAddress in dotted notation, such as 2.3
+     * @throws SourceException if no device is at that bus and port
+     */
+    public static UsbDeviceInfo find(int bus, String portAddress) throws SourceException
+    {
+        try(UsbContext usb = createContext())
+        {
+            return find(usb, bus, portAddress);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Opens the device.  Close the handle before the context.
+     * @param usb context
+     * @param device to open
+     * @throws SourceException if the device can't be opened, logging the likely cause
+     */
+    public static UsbDeviceHandle open(UsbContext usb, UsbDeviceInfo device) throws SourceException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return usb.open(device);
+        }
+        catch(UsbException e)
+        {
+            if(e.code() == ERROR_ACCESS)
+            {
+                mLog.error("Access to USB tuner denied - (windows) reinstall zadig driver or (linux) blacklist driver and/or check udev rules");
+                throw new SourceException("access denied - if using linux, blacklist the default driver and/or install udev rules");
+            }
+
+            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules");
+            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - reinstall driver? - " + LibUsb.errorName(e.code()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the device's USB serial string.
+     * @param usb context
+     * @param device to read
+     * @return serial, or null if the device doesn't have a serial string or it can't be read
+     * @throws SourceException if the device has a serial string but can't be opened
+     */
+    public static String readSerialNumber(UsbContext usb, UsbDeviceInfo device) throws SourceException
+    {
+        if(device.serialNumberIndex() == 0)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try(UsbDeviceHandle handle = open(usb, device))
+        {
+            return handle.readString(device.serialNumberIndex());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the USB serial string of the device at the bus and port address.
+     * @param bus number
+     * @param portAddress in dotted notation, such as 2.3
+     * @return serial, or null if the device doesn't have a serial string or it can't be read
+     * @throws SourceException if no device is at that bus and port, or it can't be opened
+     */
+    public static String readSerialNumber(int bus, String portAddress) throws SourceException
+    {
+        try(UsbContext usb = createContext())
+        {
+            return readSerialNumber(usb, find(usb, bus, portAddress));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/manager/UsbPortAddress.java

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceInfo;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Formats the USB port address of a device: the port numbers from the root hub through any intermediate hubs, in
+ * dotted notation such as 2.3.  Together with the bus number it identifies the physical USB socket of a tuner.
+ *
+ * The tuner manager discovers tuners at this address and the tuner controllers find their device again by it, so it
+ * is formatted in one place.
+ */
+public final class UsbPortAddress
+{
+    private UsbPortAddress()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Port address of a device.
+     * @param device to inspect
+     * @return formatted address, or an empty string for a root hub
+     */
+    public static String of(UsbDeviceInfo device)
+    {
+        return format(device.portNumbers());
+    }
+
+    private static String format(List<Integer> ports)
+    {
+        return ports.stream().map(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining("."));
+    }
+}

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/rtl/RTL2832TunerController.java

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
  */
 package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.rtl;
 
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbContext;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceHandle;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbDeviceInfo;
+import io.github.dsheirer.libusb.UsbException;
 import io.github.dsheirer.buffer.ByteNativeBufferFactory;
 import io.github.dsheirer.buffer.INativeBuffer;
 import io.github.dsheirer.rtlsdr.DeviceInfo;
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerClass;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerController;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
-import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.TunerManager;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.manager.UsbDeviceLookup;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.rtl.e4k.E4KTunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.rtl.fc0012.FC0012TunerConfiguration;
 import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.rtl.fc0013.FC0013TunerConfiguration;
@@ -44,12 +48,6 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.usb4java.Context;
-import org.usb4java.Device;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
-import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
-import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
 
 /**
  * RTL-2832 tuner controller, implemented with the jRTL library (librtlsdr from rtl-sdr-blog).
@@ -328,73 +326,40 @@ public class RTL2832TunerController extends TunerController
      */
     private UsbIdentity readUsbIdentity() throws SourceException
     {
-        Context context = new Context();
-        int status = LibUsb.init(context);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
+        try(UsbContext usb = UsbDeviceLookup.createContext())
         {
-            throw new SourceException("Can't initialize libusb library - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
-        }
+            //RTL-2832 devices that precede this controller's device in the device list
+            List<UsbDeviceInfo> earlierDevices = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        try
-        {
-            DeviceList deviceList = new DeviceList();
-            int count = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, deviceList);
-
-            if(count < 0)
+            for(UsbDeviceInfo device : UsbDeviceLookup.devices(usb))
             {
-                throw new SourceException("Can't get the USB device list - " + LibUsb.errorName(count));
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                //RTL-2832 devices that precede this controller's device in the device list
-                List<Device> earlierDevices = new ArrayList<>();
-                List<DeviceDescriptor> earlierDescriptors = new ArrayList<>();
-
-                for(Device device : deviceList)
+                if(TunerClass.lookup((short)device.vendorId(), (short)device.productId()) != TunerClass.RTL2832)
                 {
-                    DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-                    if(LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor) != LibUsb.SUCCESS ||
-                       TunerClass.lookup(descriptor.idVendor(), descriptor.idProduct()) != TunerClass.RTL2832)
+                if(UsbDeviceLookup.isAt(device, mBus, mPortAddress))
+                {
+                    mUsbSerialNumberIndex = device.serialNumberIndex();
+                    String serial = readSerial(usb, device, true);
+                    int serialPosition = 0;
+
+                    if(serial != null)
                     {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    if(LibUsb.getBusNumber(device) == mBus && LibUsb.getPortNumber(device) > 0 &&
-                       mPortAddress != null && mPortAddress.equals(TunerManager.getPortAddress(device)))
-                    {
-                        mUsbSerialNumberIndex = 0xFF & descriptor.iSerialNumber();
-                        String serial = readSerial(device, descriptor, true);
-                        int serialPosition = 0;
-
-                        if(serial != null)
+                        for(UsbDeviceInfo earlierDevice : earlierDevices)
                         {
-                            for(int x = 0; x < earlierDevices.size(); x++)
+                            if(serial.equals(readSerial(usb, earlierDevice, false)))
                             {
-                                if(serial.equals(readSerial(earlierDevices.get(x), earlierDescriptors.get(x), false)))
-                                {
-                                    serialPosition++;
-                                }
+                                serialPosition++;
                             }
                         }
-
-                        return new UsbIdentity(serial, serialPosition, earlierDevices.size());
                     }
 
-                    earlierDevices.add(device);
-                    earlierDescriptors.add(descriptor);
+                    return new UsbIdentity(serial, serialPosition, earlierDevices.size());
                 }
+
+                earlierDevices.add(device);
             }
-            finally
-            {
-                LibUsb.freeDeviceList(deviceList, true);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.exit(context);
         }
 
         throw new SourceException("Couldn't find USB device at bus [" + mBus + "] port [" + mPortAddress + "]");
@@ -402,51 +367,32 @@ public class RTL2832TunerController extends TunerController
 
     /**
      * Reads the device's USB serial string.
+     * @param usb context
      * @param device to read
-     * @param descriptor for the device
      * @param required true to throw an exception when the device can't be opened, false to return null
      * @return serial or null if the device doesn't have a serial string
      * @throws SourceException if the device is required and it can't be opened.
      */
-    private static String readSerial(Device device, DeviceDescriptor descriptor, boolean required) throws SourceException
+    private static String readSerial(UsbContext usb, UsbDeviceInfo device, boolean required) throws SourceException
     {
-        if(descriptor.iSerialNumber() == 0)
+        if(!required)
         {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
-        int status = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
-
-        if(status != LibUsb.SUCCESS)
-        {
-            if(!required)
+            if(device.serialNumberIndex() == 0)
             {
                 return null;
             }
 
-            if(status == LibUsb.ERROR_ACCESS)
+            try(UsbDeviceHandle handle = usb.open(device))
             {
-                mLog.error("Access to USB tuner denied - (windows) reinstall zadig driver or (linux) check udev rules");
-                throw new SourceException("access denied - if using linux, install udev rules");
+                return handle.readString(device.serialNumberIndex());
+            }
+            catch(UsbException e)
+            {
+                return null;
             }
-
-            mLog.error("Can't open USB tuner - check driver or Linux udev rules");
-            throw new SourceException("Can't open USB tuner - reinstall driver? - " + LibUsb.errorName(status));
         }
 
-        try
-        {
-            return LibUsb.getStringDescriptor(handle, descriptor.iSerialNumber());
-        }
-        catch(RuntimeException e)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            LibUsb.close(handle);
-        }
+        return UsbDeviceLookup.readSerialNumber(usb, device);
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/ui/DiscoveredTunerModel.java

@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ public class DiscoveredTunerModel extends AbstractTableModel implements Listener
         {
             DiscoveredTuner discoveredTuner = mDiscoveredTuners.stream()
                     .filter(tuner -> tuner instanceof DiscoveredUSBTuner usbTuner &&
-                            usbTuner.isAt(bus, portAddress)).findFirst().get();
+                            usbTuner.isAt(bus, portAddress)).findFirst().orElse(null);
 
             if(discoveredTuner != null)
             {

src/main/resources/65-limesdr.rules

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# LimeSDR udev rules
+# Grants access to the logged-in user (uaccess) and to the plugdev group.
+
+# LimeSDR-USB
+SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="1d50", ATTR{idProduct}=="6108", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+# LimeSDR Mini and LimeSDR Mini 2.0
+SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0403", ATTR{idProduct}=="601f", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"

src/test/java/io/github/dsheirer/module/decode/dmr/message/voice/AMBEFrameValidatorTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.dmr.message.voice;
+
+import io.github.dsheirer.bits.CorrectedBinaryMessage;
+import io.github.dsheirer.module.decode.dmr.sync.DMRSyncPattern;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for AMBE voice frame error detection.
+ */
+public class AMBEFrameValidatorTest
+{
+    //Base station voice frame A burst from a recording where JMBE decodes all three voice frames with zero errors.
+    private static final String VOICE_BURST = "5A3AC4B9E881526173002A6BB9E881526755FD7DF75F7173002A6BB9E881526173002A6B";
+    //Burst bit indices of the first C0 bits (voice frame bits 0, 4, 8) and first C1 bit (voice frame bit 25) of
+    //frame 1, which starts at burst bit 24.
+    private static final int FRAME_1_C0_BIT_0 = 24;
+    private static final int FRAME_1_C0_BIT_1 = 28;
+    private static final int FRAME_1_C0_BIT_2 = 32;
+    private static final int FRAME_1_C1_BIT_0 = 49;
+
+    private static CorrectedBinaryMessage getBurst()
+    {
+        return CorrectedBinaryMessage.loadHex(VOICE_BURST);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void errorFreeBurst()
+    {
+        CorrectedBinaryMessage burst = getBurst();
+
+        for(int frame = 0; frame < 3; frame++)
+        {
+            assertEquals(0, AMBEFrameValidator.getErrorCount(burst, frame), "Frame " + frame);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(AMBEFrameValidator.isValid(burst));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void errorsAreCounted()
+    {
+        CorrectedBinaryMessage burst = getBurst();
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C0_BIT_0);
+        assertEquals(1, AMBEFrameValidator.getErrorCount(burst, 0));
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C1_BIT_0);
+        assertEquals(2, AMBEFrameValidator.getErrorCount(burst, 0));
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C0_BIT_1);
+        assertEquals(3, AMBEFrameValidator.getErrorCount(burst, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void fourC0ErrorsAreDetected()
+    {
+        CorrectedBinaryMessage burst = getBurst();
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C0_BIT_0);
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C0_BIT_1);
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C0_BIT_2);
+        burst.flip(FRAME_1_C0_BIT_2 + 4);
+        assertTrue(AMBEFrameValidator.getErrorCount(burst, 0) > AMBEFrameValidator.MAX_ERRORS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void validWhenAnyFrameIsValid()
+    {
+        CorrectedBinaryMessage burst = getBurst();
+
+        //Corrupt the C0 vector of each frame in turn (4 bit errors), verifying a single valid frame is sufficient.
+        int[] frameOffsets = {24, 96, 216};
+
+        for(int frame = 0; frame < 3; frame++)
+        {
+            for(int bit = 0; bit < 16; bit += 4)
+            {
+                burst.flip(frameOffsets[frame] + bit);
+            }
+
+            assertTrue(AMBEFrameValidator.getErrorCount(burst, frame) > AMBEFrameValidator.MAX_ERRORS);
+            assertEquals(frame < 2, AMBEFrameValidator.isValid(burst), "Corrupted frames: " + (frame + 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void randomBurstsAreRarelyValid()
+    {
+        Random random = new Random(1234);
+        int valid = 0;
+        int trials = 20000;
+
+        for(int trial = 0; trial < trials; trial++)
+        {
+            CorrectedBinaryMessage burst = new CorrectedBinaryMessage(288);
+
+            for(int bit = 0; bit < 288; bit++)
+            {
+                if(random.nextBoolean())
+                {
+                    burst.set(bit);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(AMBEFrameValidator.isValid(burst))
+            {
+                valid++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Expected false valid rate is ~3 x 1.3e-4 (ie ~8 of 20,000)
+        assertTrue(valid < 30, "Random bursts detected as valid: " + valid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void voiceMessageValidity()
+    {
+        assertTrue(new VoiceAMessage(DMRSyncPattern.BASE_STATION_VOICE, getBurst(), null, 0, 1).isValid());
+
+        CorrectedBinaryMessage corrupted = getBurst();
+        int[] frameOffsets = {24, 96, 216};
+
+        for(int offset : frameOffsets)
+        {
+            for(int bit = 0; bit < 16; bit += 4)
+            {
+                corrupted.flip(offset + bit);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(new VoiceAMessage(DMRSyncPattern.BASE_STATION_VOICE, corrupted, null, 0, 1).isValid());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies the AMBE frames match the burst bits, specifically for frame 2 where bits 32-35 are sourced from burst
+     * bits 128-131 and bits 36-39 from burst bits 180-183, with burst bit 180 set (ie a negative signed byte).
+     */
+    @Test
+    void ambeFramesMatchBurstBits()
+    {
+        CorrectedBinaryMessage burst = getBurst();
+        burst.set(180);
+        burst.clear(128, 132);
+        List<byte[]> frames = new VoiceAMessage(DMRSyncPattern.BASE_STATION_VOICE, burst, null, 0, 1).getAMBEFrames();
+        int[] frameOffsets = {24, 96, 216};
+
+        for(int frame = 0; frame < 3; frame++)
+        {
+            for(int bit = 0; bit < 72; bit++)
+            {
+                int burstIndex = frameOffsets[frame] + bit + ((frame == 1 && bit >= 36) ? 48 : 0);
+                boolean frameBit = (frames.get(frame)[bit / 8] & (0x80 >> (bit % 8))) != 0;
+                assertEquals(burst.get(burstIndex), frameBit, "Frame " + frame + " bit " + bit);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/io/github/dsheirer/source/tuner/limesdr/LimeSdrTunerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2026 Dennis Sheirer
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+package io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.limesdr;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import io.github.dsheirer.dsp.filter.channelizer.ComplexPolyphaseChannelizerM2;
+import io.github.dsheirer.limesdr.DeviceEntry;
+import io.github.dsheirer.limesdr.LogLevel;
+import io.github.dsheirer.limesdr.Range;
+import io.github.dsheirer.limesdr.StreamConfig;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.SourceException;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerClass;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerFactory;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.TunerType;
+import io.github.dsheirer.source.tuner.configuration.TunerConfiguration;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the parts of the LimeSDR tuner that don't require a device.
+ */
+class LimeSdrTunerTest
+{
+    private static final DeviceEntry USB_A = DeviceEntry.parse("LimeSDR-USB, media=USB3.0, addr=1d50:6108, serial=0009060B00462008");
+    private static final DeviceEntry USB_B = DeviceEntry.parse("LimeSDR-USB, media=USB3.0, addr=1d50:6108, serial=0009060B00471B22");
+    private static final DeviceEntry MINI = DeviceEntry.parse("LimeSDR-Mini, media=USB3.0, addr=0403:601f, serial=1D3AC9A5C7B4D2");
+
+    @Test
+    void lookupFindsEachUsbProduct()
+    {
+        assertEquals(TunerClass.LIMESDR, TunerClass.lookup((short)0x1D50, (short)0x6108));
+        assertEquals(TunerClass.LIMESDR, TunerClass.lookup((short)0x0403, (short)0x601F));
+        assertTrue(TunerClass.LIMESDR.isSupportedUsbTuner());
+        assertTrue(TunerType.LIMESDR.isSupportedUsbTuner());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void scalesSamplesAndRemovesHalfBitOffset()
+    {
+        short[] samples = {2047, -2048, -1, 0};
+
+        assertArrayEquals(new float[]{2047.5f / 2048, -2047.5f / 2048, -0.5f / 2048, 0.5f / 2048},
+                LimeSdrTunerController.scale(samples));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sampleRatesAreLimitedByTheDevice()
+    {
+        //LimeSDR-USB on USB 3.0
+        assertEquals(List.of(LimeSdrSampleRate.values()), LimeSdrSampleRate.getRates(100_000, 61_440_000));
+        //LimeSDR Mini
+        assertEquals(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_30_72, LimeSdrSampleRate.getRates(100_000, 30_720_000).getLast());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void usb2LimitsTheSampleRate()
+    {
+        Range range = new Range(100_000, 61_440_000, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(61_440_000, LimeSdrTunerController.getMaximumSampleRate(range, "USB3.0"));
+        double usb2 = LimeSdrTunerController.getMaximumSampleRate(range, "USB2.0");
+        assertEquals(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_10_0, LimeSdrSampleRate.getRates(range.min(), usb2).getLast());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void savedRateAboveTheDeviceMaximumIsReduced()
+    {
+        List<LimeSdrSampleRate> rates = LimeSdrSampleRate.getRates(100_000, 30_720_000);
+
+        assertEquals(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_30_72, LimeSdrSampleRate.getClosest(rates, LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_61_44.getRate()));
+        assertEquals(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_1_25, LimeSdrSampleRate.getClosest(rates, 1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sampleRatesDivideIntoPolyphaseChannels()
+    {
+        for(LimeSdrSampleRate rate : LimeSdrSampleRate.values())
+        {
+            int channelCount = ComplexPolyphaseChannelizerM2.getChannelCount(rate.getRate());
+            assertEquals(0, channelCount % 2, rate.toString());
+            assertTrue((double)rate.getRate() / channelCount >= 25_000.0, rate.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void maximumUsbRateDoesNotOverflow()
+    {
+        assertTrue(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_61_44.getRate() * 24L <= Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void antennaListExcludesNoneAndLoopbackPorts()
+    {
+        List<String> ports = List.of("None", "LNAH", "LNAL", "LNAW", "LB1", "LB2");
+        List<String> antennas = LimeSdrTunerController.getSelectableAntennas(ports);
+
+        assertEquals(List.of("LNAH", "LNAL", "LNAW"), antennas);
+        assertEquals("LNAW", LimeSdrTunerController.getDefaultAntenna(antennas));
+        assertEquals("LNAH", LimeSdrTunerController.getDefaultAntenna(List.of("LNAH")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deviceIsFoundBySerialNumber() throws SourceException
+    {
+        LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity identity = new LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity(0x1D50, 0x6108,
+                "0009060B00471B22");
+
+        assertEquals(USB_B, LimeSdrTunerController.findDevice(identity, List.of(MINI, USB_A, USB_B)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deviceWithoutSerialIsFoundWhenItIsTheOnlyOneOfItsKind() throws SourceException
+    {
+        LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity mini = new LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity(0x0403, 0x601F, null);
+        LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity usb = new LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity(0x1D50, 0x6108, null);
+
+        assertEquals(MINI, LimeSdrTunerController.findDevice(mini, List.of(USB_A, MINI)));
+        assertThrows(SourceException.class, () -> LimeSdrTunerController.findDevice(usb, List.of(USB_A, USB_B, MINI)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deviceThatLimeSuiteCantSeeIsAnError()
+    {
+        LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity identity = new LimeSdrTunerController.UsbIdentity(0x1D50, 0x6108,
+                "0009060B00462008");
+
+        assertThrows(SourceException.class, () -> LimeSdrTunerController.findDevice(identity, List.of(MINI)));
+        assertThrows(SourceException.class, () -> LimeSdrTunerController.findDevice(identity, List.of(USB_B)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void configurationSurvivesSerialization() throws Exception
+    {
+        LimeSdrTunerConfiguration configuration = new LimeSdrTunerConfiguration("test");
+        configuration.setSampleRate(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_5_0.getRate());
+        configuration.setGain(55);
+        configuration.setAntenna("LNAH");
+
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(configuration);
+        TunerConfiguration restored = mapper.readValue(json, TunerConfiguration.class);
+
+        LimeSdrTunerConfiguration limeSdr = assertInstanceOf(LimeSdrTunerConfiguration.class, restored);
+        assertEquals(TunerType.LIMESDR, limeSdr.getTunerType());
+        assertEquals(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_5_0.getRate(), limeSdr.getSampleRate());
+        assertEquals(55, limeSdr.getGain());
+        assertEquals("LNAH", limeSdr.getAntenna());
+        assertEquals("test", limeSdr.getUniqueID());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void factoryCreatesTheConfiguration()
+    {
+        assertInstanceOf(LimeSdrTunerConfiguration.class, TunerFactory.getTunerConfiguration(TunerType.LIMESDR, "id"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void fifoHoldsAQuarterSecondOfSamples()
+    {
+        assertEquals(StreamConfig.DEFAULT_FIFO_SIZE, LimeSdrTunerController.getFifoSize(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_1_25));
+        assertEquals(10_000_000, LimeSdrTunerController.getFifoSize(LimeSdrSampleRate.RATE_40_0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void debugMessagesAreDiscarded()
+    {
+        LimeSdrTunerController.log(LogLevel.DEBUG, "Loss: pkt:4622555 exp: 000000017a863dc0, got: 000000017a864860");
+        LimeSdrTunerController.log(LogLevel.VERBOSE, "Set Rx LO frequency (450100180 Hz)");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void droppedSamplesAreFoundFromTimestampGaps()
+    {
+        assertEquals(0, LimeSdrTunerController.getTimestampGap(-1, 5_000_000));
+        assertEquals(0, LimeSdrTunerController.getTimestampGap(65536, 65536));
+        assertEquals(718_080, LimeSdrTunerController.getTimestampGap(32_309_248, 33_027_328));
+        assertEquals(0, LimeSdrTunerController.getTimestampGap(32_309_248, 0));
+    }
+}